Testing Bridges to Failure - Experiences

Häggström, Jens; Bagge, Niklas; Nilimaa, Jonny; Sas, Gabriel; Blanksvärd, Thomas; Täljsten, Björn; Elfgren, Lennart; Puurula, Arto; Forssbeck, Lahja Rydberg; Carolin, Anders

doi:10.2749/vancouver.2017.2832

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The only exception is a reinforced concrete bridge in Kiruna, Sweden, which was subject to controlled loading till failure. In this case, total failure occurred when the vertical deflection reached approximately 300 mm [21]. These results indicate that deflections of structurally healthy, stiff bridges can hardly exceed 1 cm in amplitude, and deflections of the order of tens of centimeters are associated with structural damage.…”

Section: Evidence From Field Datamentioning

confidence: 67%

GNSS (GPS) Monitoring of Dynamic Deflections of Bridges: Structural Constraints and Metrological Limitations

Stiros

2021

Infrastructures

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The advent of modern geodetic satellite techniques (GNSS, including GPS) permitted to observe dynamic deflections of bridges, initially of long flexible ones, and more recently of short, essentially stiff bridges with modal frequencies > 1 Hz, and with small SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), even SNR < 1. This was an enormous progress, but not without problems. Apart from monitoring results consistent with structural models, experimental data and serviceability criteria, there exist some apparently unexplained cases of stiff bridges for which there have been claimed apparent dynamic deflections too large for common healthy structures. Summarizing previous experience, this article: (i) discusses structural constraints, experimental evidence, and serviceability limits of bridges as constraints to GNSS monitoring; (ii) examines a representative case of careful monitoring of a reinforced concrete road bridge with reported excessive dynamic deflections; and (iii) explains such deflections as a result of a double process generated by large reflective surfaces of passing vehicles near the antenna; first corruption/distortion of the satellite signal because of high-frequency dynamic multipath, and second, shadowing of some satellites; this last effect leads to a modified observations system and to instantaneously changed coordinates and deflections. In order to recognize and avoid such bias in GNSS monitoring, a strategy based on practical rules and structural constraints is presented.

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Section: Evidence From Field Datamentioning

confidence: 67%

GNSS (GPS) Monitoring of Dynamic Deflections of Bridges: Structural Constraints and Metrological Limitations

Stiros

2021

Infrastructures

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“…The bridge, as other bridges that have been tested, seems to have a considerably higher capacity than the original design calculations indicated. Tests to failure for bridges have shown differences, e.g., in material properties, load distribution support conditions and code models, which have resulted in considerable extra "hidden" capacities as presented in [6] - [15]. Society may learn and save money from the experiences from "full-scale" failure tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shear capacity is hard to model correctly with code models, as has been shown in several fullscale tests to failure, see e. g. Bagge et al [6] - [9], Nilimaa et al [10], [11], Bien et al [12], Elfgren et al [13], [14] and Häggström et al [15]. As mentionend, according to the original design there were only very small principle stresses and they could be carried by the concrete.…”

Section: Shear Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cracking and Fatigue of Heavy Loaded Prestressed Concrete Bridge in Sweden

Agredo Chávez,

Gonzalez-Libreros,

Andersson

et al. 2022

IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures

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<p>A prestressed concrete bridge was built in 1963 with BBRV cables. It has three spans and a total length of 134.8 m. Due to mining activities the bridge was loaded with trucks with a total weight of 90 ton during 2012-2014 and from 2019. Crack development has been monitored manually and from 2020 with strain gauges and LVDTs. Cracks normally vary between 0.1 to 0.3 mm in width and grow in length with time. In November 2020 some of the strain gauges on the concrete showed alarming growth and the bridge was closed for traffic. Additional strain gauges were installed on vertical reinforcement bars and an assessment was carried out of the fatigue capacity of the bridge. It was found that the new strain gauges did not indicate any growth in strain and that the fatigue capacity was sufficient. The bridge could be opened again for traffic after being closed for five weeks. Monitoring drift in the strain gauges and fatigue are discussed.</p>

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“…Bagge et al [8] and Elfgren et al [25], [26]. It has also been successfully used in European projects as Sustainable Bridges (2007) [27]- [29] and MAINLINE (2014), Häggström et al [30].…”

Section: Fig 3 Mock-up Used For Testing Of Ndt-methods For Detecting ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Bridges - Challenges

Täljsten¹,

Paulsson²,

Popescu³

et al. 2020

IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges

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<p>Prestressed concrete bridges are important parts of our infrastructure. They are susceptible to different kinds of deterioration processes. Examples of damages and deficiencies are cracking, corrosion, voids, bond loss, reduction of cover layer, delamination, fatigue and loss of stiffness and strength. This necessitates methods to continuously assess their condition in order to avoid problems that might lead to shorter service life or reduction of structural integrity. Many of the existing prestressed bridges in Europe are now approaching their design life length. However, with proper and continuous inspection, monitoring and assessment, we may plan proactive maintenance and the structural safety can be assured or – if necessary - increased. This will save both money and decrease the environmental impact of the structure.</p>

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Testing Bridges to Failure - Experiences

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

GNSS (GPS) Monitoring of Dynamic Deflections of Bridges: Structural Constraints and Metrological Limitations

GNSS (GPS) Monitoring of Dynamic Deflections of Bridges: Structural Constraints and Metrological Limitations

Cracking and Fatigue of Heavy Loaded Prestressed Concrete Bridge in Sweden

Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Bridges - Challenges

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