Testing Anaerobic Biodegradability of Polymers in a Laboratory-Scale Simulated Landfill

Ress, B.; Calvert, Philip P.; Pettigrew, Charles A.; Barlaz, Morton A.

doi:10.1021/es970296h

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As shown in Table D.4, average landfill gas composition with 50%v/v CH 4 recommended by IPCC (2006) was applied in current model. This estimation was within the range of 50%-60% CH 4 (v/v) modelled in other studies (Table D.3) (Menard et al, 2003, Obersteiner et al, 2007, and agreed by the lab-derived results in literature (Ress et al, 1998). Based on this assumption and mineralization rate listed in Table D.2, the total C gas production was estimated as Table D.5.…”

Section: D31 C Transformation In Landfillsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Therefore, the default values recommended by IPCC (2006) for dry cardboard: 0.44 (DOC with lignin considered as degradable) and 0.5 (DOCf), led to an estimation of 50% loss of original C via gas emissions. This assumption is agreed by mineralization rates reported by Ress et al(1998) andBarlaz (2006) where 55% of waste cellulose was converted to CO 2 and CH 4 in landfill and 54.4% of theoretical CH 4 from cellulose/hemicellulose components was yielded during the degradation of cardboard.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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LCA of Light-weight Eco-composites Statement of originality 2 Statement of originalityI hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person.Contributions made to the research of this thesis by others, with whom I have worked with are explicitly acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others with data collection and modification of process-oriented model DNDC is acknowledged. Miao GuoSep 2010 LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 3 AbstractThe environmental profiles of novel wheat based foam materials were investigated in this thesis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The LCAs were developed using primary data collected from industrial sources combined with new laboratory experiments supplemented with secondary data from publicly available sources.Laboratory research was conducted to obtain important missing data on WBFs for the LCA modelling, including physico-chemical parameters, biodegradability and energy recovery under anaerobic digestion conditions.Contribution analysis suggested that the emissions evolved from the wheat agroecosystem and PVOH production, together with the energy and infrastructure involved in WBF production were the major contributors to the environmental burdens of the WBF life cycle in most impact categories. The atmospheric emissions resulting from WBF degradation at the end-of-life also emerged as another important contributor to environmental impact. Amongst the diverse ‗end-of-life' scenarios examined, AD and home composting were suggested to be the optimum choices for WBF waste treatment. This research discusses two N 2 O modelling approaches and presents a method to expand the system boundary by integrating the process-oriented model DNDC for field emissions into the LCA. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the environmental profiles of agricultural products are influenced substantially by the system boundary definition. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 4 Furthermore, it suggests that the ‗general rule' in LCA practice by applying an empirical model or a default emission factor (EF) could deliver unreliable LCA findings.This study also evaluated the sensitivity of the LCA results to methodology and data variations and quantified the uncertainties in the LCA outcomes arising from uncertainty in the inventory and data variability. This has led to an increase in confidence in the LCA findings. At the same time it indicates the areas where improvements in data or methods are needed in order for robust conclusions to be drawn and unbiased information to be delivered e.g. the methodological rigidity of characterization models, the IPCC Tier 1 EF uncertainty range. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAcknowledgements 5

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Section: D31 C Transformation In Landfillsupporting

confidence: 88%

supporting

confidence: 91%

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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“…When we utilize grass biomass for energy, however, loss of organic matter is higher. Biogas fermentation can degrade cellulose to an extent of about 80 % (Ress et al, 1998). Usage of biomass for direct combustion leads to 100 % loss of organic matter.…”

Section: Productive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Permanent Grassland for Biogas Production

Fuksa¹,

Hakl²,

Hrevušová³

et al. 2012

Modeling and Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems

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“…Crop residues and fibers contained in manure mainly consist of lignocellulose, which is poorly degraded in biogas reactors as lignin is not degradable under anaerobic conditions and prevents microbial access to cellulose and hemicelluloses [1,2]. Hence, removing lignin can facilitate anaerobic degradation of the fibers and thereby increase the biogas yield of manure and crop residues significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw by Plasma-Assisted Pretreatment

Heiske

Schultz-Jensen

Leipold

et al. 2013

Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics

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Plasma-assisted pretreatment (PAP) of lignocellulosic biomass has been shown to be an efficient method to decompose lignin and consequently facilitate microbial access to cellulose and hemicellulose. In the present study, PAP was tested for its suitability to enhance bioconversion of wheat straw to methane. In thermophilic batch experiments, methane yields of up to 366 mL/g volatile solids (VSs) were achieved, accounting for a yield increase of 45%. Common lignin-derived inhibitors like 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and furfural were not detected after PAP, but toxicity test resulted in lower methane yields at higher substrate concentrations, indicating the presence of other unidentified inhibitors. However, in a continuous lab-scale biogas reactor experiment, stable codigestion of cattle manure with 20% PAP wheat straw was demonstrated, while no signs of adverse effects on the anaerobic digestion process were observed. After the introduction of the pretreated wheat straw to the reactor, volatile fatty acid concentrations remained low and stable, while gas production increased. In co-digestion, the PAP wheat straw was converted at an average yield of 343 mL CH 4 /gVS.

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Testing Anaerobic Biodegradability of Polymers in a Laboratory-Scale Simulated Landfill

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Utilization of Permanent Grassland for Biogas Production

Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw by Plasma-Assisted Pretreatment

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