Testing an ecological model for transmission of Salmonella enterica in swine production ecosystems using genotyping data

Weigel, Ronald M.; Nucera, Daniele; Qiao, Baozhen; Teferedegne, B.; Suh, Dong Kyun; Barber, D. A.; Bahnson, Peter B.; Isaacson, Richard E.; White, Bryan A.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.020

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…One predominant genotypic cluster (cluster A1) was found to contain more than 40% of the isolates (77 of 176), whereas some of the genotypic clusters were found to be specific to either the environment or the pig (fecal samples or samples collected at slaughter). Recently, in an ecologic study of Salmonella in swine production systems, Weigel et al reported that there was no apparent separation of genotypes by host and environmental compartment, and they found only one farm where the same biotic compartment (swine or floor samples) was associated with a tight genotypic cluster (36). The predominantly nonclonal nature of genotypes in a production system that was found in the current study was also consistent with the findings of Weigel et al (36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Recently, in an ecologic study of Salmonella in swine production systems, Weigel et al reported that there was no apparent separation of genotypes by host and environmental compartment, and they found only one farm where the same biotic compartment (swine or floor samples) was associated with a tight genotypic cluster (36). The predominantly nonclonal nature of genotypes in a production system that was found in the current study was also consistent with the findings of Weigel et al (36). The most interesting genotyping finding was that 5 of the 11 genotypic clusters were found in the environment (truck and lairage swabs) initially and were subsequently detected in (32) indicated that while farms and holding pens could be important sources, their level of significance varied depending on the type of tissue examined (liver, tongue, or lymph nodes) and also the status of the herd on the farm (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Study ofSalmonellaDispersion and the Role of Environmental Contamination in Commercial Swine Production Systems

Dorr¹,

Tadesse

Zewde

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study investigated the roles of various environmental sources, such as truck-washing systems, wasteprocessing lagoons, and other sources, as potential contributors to the exposure and dissemination of Salmonella in commercial swine production systems. Four cohorts of nursery age swine herds which originated from distinct farm flows were selected. In addition, cross-sectional sampling of four truck wash stations selected based on the types of disinfectants and sources of water used for sanitizing trucks were tested. Salmonella isolates were recovered from pigs (feces, cecal contents, and mesenteric lymph nodes) and environmental sources (barn floor, lagoon, barn flush, trucks, and holding pens). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genotyping were conducted using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and amplified fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Salmonella prevalence significantly increased with age from late nursery to slaughter for all of the cohorts (P ‫؍‬ 0.007). In two of three instances, all three pig holding pens (lairage) sampled at processing were Salmonella positive. The predominant antibiotypes for all sources included ACSSuT (51.8%), SSuT (16.8%), T (6%), and pansusceptible (7.4%). For the isolates obtained at the farms, the ACSSuT phenotype was 5.6 times more likely to be found in the animals than in the environment (95% confidence interval, 4.4 to 7.2 times). Serogroup B was the most common serogroup (79%), followed by serogroup E (10.4%). Despite the fact that the four production flows were independent, 1 of the 11 genotypic clusters (cluster A1) was commonly detected in any type of sample regardless of its origin. Five of the genotypic clusters (clusters A3, A4, A5, A6, and A7) contained isolates that originated from trucks and lairage swabs and also from cecal contents and/or mesenteric lymph nodes. More interestingly, genotypic clusters A3, A4, and A6 (but not clusters A5 and A7) were not detected on the farms. They originated from the trucks and lairage swabs and then were identified from the cecal contents and/or mesenteric lymph nodes. These findings underscore the significance of various environmental factors, including inadequate truck-washing systems, and emphasize the role of lairage contamination by Salmonella that has food safety significance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study ofSalmonellaDispersion and the Role of Environmental Contamination in Commercial Swine Production Systems

Dorr¹,

Tadesse

Zewde

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The phenotypical similarities in isolates resistance that we observed at pen level could be the result of dissemination of Salmonella clones within herds or could be attributable to the culture methodology, which could facilitate the selection of identical clones (Mathew et al, 2002). Several studies highlighted the importance of controlling AMR Salmonella clones by interrupting their dissemination at pen and farm level (Davies et al, 2002;Weigel et al, 2007). Based on this knowledge and on our findings, interventions at the pen and farm levels might be beneficial in reducing the emergence of AMR Salmonella in swine populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Associations Among Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance ofSalmonellaspp. Isolates from 60 Alberta Finishing Swine Farms

Varga

Rajić

McFall

et al. 2009

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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The study objectives were to identify potential associations between reported antimicrobial use (AMU) practices and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of fecal and environmental Salmonella spp. isolates (n = 322 isolates) recovered from 60 Alberta finishing swine farms, and to estimate the amount of pen and farm level variation in AMR. The AMU data were collected through a questionnaire. Separate multilevel logistic regression models were built for six antimicrobials with prevalence of resistance >or=5% using the Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Model (GLLAMM) procedure. In-feed use of tylosin in finishers was associated with increased odds of resistance in Salmonella isolates to ampicillin (OR = 61.56), streptomycin (OR = 11.70), and multiple antimicrobials (OR = 4.90). Injectable penicillin use in growers was associated with decreased odds of resistance in Salmonella isolates to streptomycin (OR = 0.06), kanamycin (OR = 0.03), and multiple antimicrobials (OR = 0.12). Injectable penicillin use in finishers was associated with decreased odds of resistance in Salmonella isolates to ampicillin (OR = 0.007) and chloramphenicol (OR = 0.04). Overall, these results indicate that AMU in pig production is inconsistently associated with AMR in Salmonella from finishing swine. Variation in AMR prevalence of Salmonella isolates of swine was moderate to high at pen and farm levels for most antimicrobials suggesting that interventions at the pen and farm levels might be beneficial in reducing the emergence of AMR Salmonella in swine populations.

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“…Several studies have isolated Salmonella sp. both in animals and environmental samples (Baloda, Christensen, & Trajcevska, 2001;Dorr et al, 2009;Sandvang, Jensen, Baggesen, & Baloda, 2000;Weigel et al, 2007). Both Baloda et al (2001) and Sandvang et al (2000) found that a Salmonella Typhimurium clone persisted and survived in a Danish pig farm environment or in pigs with asymptomatic infection, explaining recrudescence of infection in the herd up to approximately 300 days.…”

Section: Salmonella Recrudescence In the Farm Environmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Soil survival of Salmonella and transfer to freshwater and fresh produce

Jacobsen

Bech

2012

Food Research International

135

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Testing an ecological model for transmission of Salmonella enterica in swine production ecosystems using genotyping data

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Longitudinal Study ofSalmonellaDispersion and the Role of Environmental Contamination in Commercial Swine Production Systems

Longitudinal Study ofSalmonellaDispersion and the Role of Environmental Contamination in Commercial Swine Production Systems

Associations Among Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance ofSalmonellaspp. Isolates from 60 Alberta Finishing Swine Farms

Soil survival of Salmonella and transfer to freshwater and fresh produce

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