Testing Adaptive Plasticity to Uv: Costs and Benefits of Stem Elongation and Light-Induced Phenolics

Weinig, Cynthia; Gravuer, Kelly; Kane, Nolan C.; Schmitt, Johanna

doi:10.1554/03-675

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Previous work with I. capensis seedlings demonstrated that a decreased red to far red (R : FR) light ratio due to foliage shade increased height and length of internodes as an etiolation response, while a high R : FR light ratio increased UV-blocking compounds ( Maliakal et al, 1999 ;Dixon et al, 2001 ;Heschel et al, 2004 ;Weinig et al, 2004 ;von Wettberg and Schmitt, 2005 ). However, in the current experiment, there was no effect of shade with a reduced R : FR ratio on plant height, growth, branching, or internode length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Gorden

Adler

2013

American J of Botany

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• Premise of the study: While the effect of abiotic factors on leaf herbivory is well known, the relative importance of abiotic conditions influencing both mutualists and antagonists is less well understood. Species interactions could enhance or reduce the direct effects of abiotic factors, depending on how mutualists and antagonists respond to abiotic conditions.• Methods: We manipulated soil nutrients and shade in a factorial design and measured soil moisture in the annual Impatiens capensis. We then measured interactions with mutualists (two pollinating species) and antagonists (herbivores, florivores, nectar thieves, and flower bud gallers), as well as plant growth, floral rewards, and plant reproduction.• Key results: Fertilizer increased plant growth, floral attractiveness, mutualist and antagonist interactions, and plant reproduction. Shade had no effects, and soil moisture was negatively associated with plant growth and reproduction. All effects were additive. Mutualist and antagonist floral interactions both increased on fertilized plants, but antagonists increased at a greater rate, leading to a larger ratio of antagonist to mutualist interactions on fertilized plants. Despite having more antagonists, fertilized plants still had significantly higher reproduction, suggesting higher tolerance to antagonists.• Conclusions: Abiotic effects can have consistent effects on antagonists and mutualists, and on both floral and leaf antagonists. However, tolerance to antagonisms increased in favorable conditions. Thus, the direct positive effects of favorable abiotic conditions on plants outweighed negative indirect effects via increased antagonisms, which may lead to selection to grow in high‐nutrient microsites in spite of increased herbivory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Gorden

Adler

2013

American J of Botany

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“…However, thinning significantly reduced foliar nitrogen content and increased C:N ratios in several overstory and understory species, possibly due to increases in foliar phenolic concentration. Phenolics play diverse roles in plant physiology, as deterrents to herbivory, protection from uv radiation or cold-induced photoinhibition, and signaling compounds, among others (Lindroth and Hwang, 1996;Moore et al, 2004;Weinig et al, 2004). Phenolic compounds can be induced by leaf damage in some species, but they are also controlled by nutrient limitation and physiological tradeoffs between growth, defense, and other factors such as differentiation and reproduction (Jones and Hartley, 1999;Stamp, 2003).…”

Section: Aspen (P Tremuloides)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stand density on ecosystem properties of subalpine forests in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA

Hall¹,

Marchand²

2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Mixed coniferous, subalpine forest communities in the Rocky Mountains are historically dense and have experienced infrequent, high-severity fire. However, many of these high-elevation stands are thinned for a number of perceived benefits.• We explored the effects of forest stand density on ecosystem properties in subalpine forests in Colorado, USA, 17-18 y after forests were managed for timber.• Forest structure significantly altered the composition and chemical signature of plant communities. Previously managed stands contained lower density of overstory trees and higher ground cover compared to paired reference stands. Foliar phenolic concentration of several species was negatively related to basal area of overstory trees. Furthermore, reductions in stand density increased total foliar phenolic:nitrogen ratios in some species, suggesting that gap formation may drive long-term changes in litter quality. Despite significant changes in forest structure, reductions in stand density did not leave a strong legacy in surface soil properties, likely due to the integrity of soil organic matter reserves.• Changes in forest structure associated with past management has left a long-term impact on plant communities but has only subtly altered soil nutrient cycling, possibly due to trade offs between litter decomposability and microclimate associated with reductions in canopy cover. Mots-clés :chimie foliaire / composés phénoliques / cycle de l'azote du sol / densité du peuplement / biogéochimie Résumé -Effets de la densité du peuplement sur les propriétés des écosystèmes des forêts subalpines dans le sud des Montagnes Rocheuses aux USA.• Les communautés subalpines de forêts mixtes de conifères dans les Montagnes Rocheuses sont historiquement denses et ont peu connu de feux très sévères. Cependant, beaucoup de ces peuplements de haute altitude sont éclaircis pour de nombreux profits.• Nous avons étudié les effets de la densité des peuplements forestiers sur les propriétés des éco-systèmes dans les forêts subalpines du Colorado (USA), 17-18 ans après que les forêts aient été exploitées pour le bois.• La structure de la forêt a considérablement modifié la composition et la signature chimique des communautés végétales. Auparavant les peuplements exploités renfermaient une plus faible densité d'arbres de l'étage dominant et une couverture du sol plus importante par rapport aux peuplements de référence correspondants. La concentration des composés phénoliques foliaires de plusieurs espèces a été liée négativement à la surface terrière des arbres dominants. En outre, les réductions de la densité du peuplement ont augmenté les rapports composés phénoliques foliaires totaux : azote chez certaines espèces, ce qui suggère que la formation de trouée peut conduire à des changements à long terme de la qualité de la litière. Malgré d'importants changements dans la structure forestière, la réduction de la densité du peuplement n'a pas laissé un héritage solide dans les propriétés de surface du sol, probablement à cause de l'inté...

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“…Among the most important means of preventing damage from exposure to UV-B is the prophylactic deployment of UV-screening pigments that derive from the phenylpropanoid pathway. In most plants, exposure to UV-B results in the increased or new synthesis of such screening pigments (Li et al 1993;Stapleton & Walbot 1994;Caldwell et al 1995;Landry, Chapple & Last 1995;Christie & Jenkins 1996;Gonzalez et al 1996;Reuber, Bornman & Weissenböck 1996;Rozema et al 1997;Burchard, Bilger & Rozema et al 2002;Weinig et al 2004;Casati & Walbot 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequate phenylalanine synthesis mediated by G protein is critical for protection from UV radiation damage in young etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

Warpeha

Gibbons

Carol

et al. 2008

Plant Cell & Environment

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Etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, lacking a functional prephenate dehydratase1 gene (PD1), also lack the ability to synthesize phenylalanine (Phe) and, as a consequence, phenylpropanoid pigments. We find that low doses of ultraviolet (UV)-C (254 nm) are lethal and low doses of UV-B cause severe damage to etiolated pd1 mutants, but not to wild-type (wt) seedlings. Furthermore, exposure to UV-C is lethal to etiolated gcr1 (encoding a putative G proteincoupled receptor in Arabidopsis) mutants and gpa1 (encoding the sole G protein a subunit in Arabidopsis) mutants. Addition of Phe to growth media restores wt levels of UV resistance to pd1 mutants. The data indicate that the Arabidopsis G protein-signalling pathway is critical to providing protection from UV, and does so via the activation of PD1, resulting in the synthesis of Phe. Cotyledons of etiolated pd1 mutants have proplastids (compared with etioplasts in wt), less cuticular wax and fewer long-chain fatty acids. Phederived pigments do not collect in the epidermal cells of pd1 mutants when seedlings are treated with UV, particularly at the cotyledon tip. Addition of Phe to the growth media restores a wt phenotype to pd1 mutants.

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Testing Adaptive Plasticity to Uv: Costs and Benefits of Stem Elongation and Light-Induced Phenolics

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Effects of stand density on ecosystem properties of subalpine forests in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA

Adequate phenylalanine synthesis mediated by G protein is critical for protection from UV radiation damage in young etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

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