Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales.

Watson, David; Weber, Kris; Assenheimer, Jana Smith; Clark, Lee Anna; Strauss, Milton E.; McCormick, Richard A.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.3

Cited by 1,160 publications

(1,111 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To obtain large variability in negative attentional bias, participants with minimal and severe depressive symptoms were sampled from the Ghent University research participant pool based on a prescreening measure (Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire; Watson, Clark, Weber, Assenheimer, Strauss, & McCormick, 1995). At testing, 40 participants (33 women; 18-29 years) reported a broad range of depressive symptom severity levels (range: 0-42, M=13.28, SD=9.15) on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996;Van der Does, 2002).…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

Sánchez¹,

Everaert²,

Koster³

2016

Emotion

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Reappraisal is central to emotion regulation but its mechanisms are unclear. This study tested the theoretical prediction that emotional attention bias is linked to reappraisal of negative emotioneliciting stimuli and subsequent emotional responding using a novel attentional control training.Thirty-six undergraduates were randomly assigned to either the control or the attention training condition and were provided with different task instructions while they performed an interpretation task. Whereas control participants freely created interpretations, participants in the training condition were instructed to allocate attention toward positive words to efficiently create positive interpretations (i.e., recruiting attentional control) while they were provided with gazecontingent feedback on their viewing behavior. Transfer to attention bias and reappraisal success was evaluated using a dot-probe task and an emotion regulation task which were administered before and after the training. The training condition was effective at increasing attentional control and resulted in beneficial effects on the transfer tasks. Analyses supported a serial indirect effect with larger attentional control acquisition in the training condition leading to negative attention bias reduction, in turn predicting greater reappraisal success which reduced negative emotions. Our results indicate that attentional mechanisms influence the use of reappraisal strategies and its impact on negative emotions. The novel attention training highlights the importance of tailored feedback to train attentional control. The findings provide an important step toward personalized delivery of attention training.ATTENTION TRAINING AND REAPPRAISAL 3

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Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

Sánchez¹,

Everaert²,

Koster³

2016

Emotion

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“…Over the years, substantial evidence has accumulated suggesting that depression is associated with diminished hedonic capacity and, more generally, dysfunction in an approach-related system subserving positive affect and motivated behavior. First, studies have shown that depression is characterized by low selfreported positive affect and reduced engagement with the environment (e.g., de Beurs et al, 2007;Watson et al, 1995). Moreover, reduced positive affect have been concurrently and prospectively linked to depression in adult samples (Clark et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced hedonic capacity in major depressive disorder: Evidence from a probabilistic reward task

Pizzagalli

Iosifescu

Hallett

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychiatric Research

647

693

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Objective-Anhedonia, the lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli, is a cardinal feature of depression that has received renewed interest as a potential endophenotype of this debilitating disease. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that individuals with major depression are characterized by blunted reward responsiveness, particularly when anhedonic symptoms are prominent.Methods-A probabilistic reward task rooted within signal-detection theory was utilized to objectively assess hedonic capacity in 23 unmedicated subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) and 25 matched control subjects recruited from the community. Hedonic capacity was defined as reward responsiveness -i.e., the participants' propensity to modulate behavior as a function of reward.Results-Compared to controls, MDD subjects showed significantly reduced reward responsiveness. Trial-by-trial probability analyses revealed that MDD subjects, while responsive to delivery of single rewards, were impaired at integrating reinforcement history over time and expressing a response bias toward a more frequently rewarded cue in the absence of immediate reward. This selective impairment correlated with self-reported anhedonic symptoms, even after considering anxiety symptoms and general distress.Conclusions-These findings indicate that MDD is characterized by an impaired tendency to modulate behavior as a function of prior reinforcements, and provides initial clues about which aspects of hedonic processing might be dysfunctional in depression.

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“…While safety and pharmacodynamics were the main objectives of this study, symptom changes were measured on HAM‐D‐17 and MASQ (Watson et al., 1995). A cross‐sectional analysis of symptom severity measured using MASQ showed correlation with cortisol levels (Veen et al., 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study drug was administered for only one week. MASQ was not designed for symptom change measurement (Watson et al., 1995), and there are only sparse data showing score changes during antidepressant treatment (Dichter et al., 2005; Tomarken et al., 2004). Baseline differences between regimens on current episode duration, prior antidepressant use or recurrent MDD diagnosis could have confounded the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Response to a CRH challenge was included during the trial to assess whether ABT‐436 might cause secondary adrenal insufficiency (inability of the HPA axis to respond in a crisis situation). An additional pre‐specified study objective was to learn whether ABT‐436 reduced MDD symptoms, assessed using the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D‐17) and the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ) (Watson et al., 1995). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and depression symptom effects of an arginine vasopressin type 1B receptor antagonist in a one‐week randomized Phase 1b trial

et al. 2017

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BackgroundArginine vasopressin 1B receptor (V1B) antagonists may have utility for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsThe V1B antagonist ABT‐436 (N = 31) or matching placebo (N = 20) was administered to MDD subjects for 7 days. The main study objectives were to assess the safety and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) effects of ABT‐436 in MDD subjects. MDD symptoms were assessed using the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D‐17) and the subject‐rated Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ).ResultsThe most prevalent safety finding associated with ABT‐436 800 mg QD was increased mild‐moderate diarrhea (68% v 5%, p < 0.001). Increased nausea (26% v 5%, p < 0.10), decreased systolic blood pressure (3.15–3.44 mmHg, p < 0.10) and increased heart rate (3.42–4.01 bpm, p < 0.05) were also associated with ABT‐436 800 mg QD. Basal HPA activity measured by 24‐hr urine total glucocorticoids was 25% lower with ABT‐436 than placebo (p < 0.001). The reduction was, on average, larger in subjects with higher baseline urine total glucocorticoids. Results on plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), urine, serum and saliva cortisol, and saliva cortisone also showed basal HPA attenuation with ABT‐436. Dynamic HPA activity measured by plasma ACTH and serum cortisol responses to corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) were 30–46% lower in ABT‐436 subjects (all p < 0.001). Each ABT‐436 subject showed response to CRH in or near the baseline range of responses. ABT‐436 was associated with more favorable symptom changes on two of five MASQ subscales (estimated effect size 1.47–1.86, p < 0.01) but not on HAM‐D‐17.ConclusionsThe results support further clinical study of the antidepressant potential of ABT‐436.

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Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales.

Cited by 1,160 publications

References 29 publications

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

Reduced hedonic capacity in major depressive disorder: Evidence from a probabilistic reward task

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and depression symptom effects of an arginine vasopressin type 1B receptor antagonist in a one‐week randomized Phase 1b trial

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