Testing 1D and 2D single-sided NMR on Roman age waterlogged woods

Stagno, Valeria; Mailhiot, Sarah; Capuani, Silvia; Galotta, Giulia; Telkki, Ville‐Veikko

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2021.06.001

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Therefore, on average, they show higher T 1,1 and T 2,2 than softwoods perform non-biased NMR relaxation time measurement. The NMR protocol presented in this study can be enhanced by studying a greater number of wood species and including further NMR parameters, such as the water diffusion coefficient (Stagno et al 2021a(Stagno et al , 2021c, which may reflect the different hygroscopic behavior of softwood and hardwood connected to the different ultrastructural composition of their cell walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, portable NMR has been used to study different water compartments within the wood structure with particular interest for the over-hygroscopic range where water can be found not only in the cell wall but also in cell lumina and other voids with different sizes (Fredriksson and Thygesen 2017;Stagno et al 2021c). These studies (Menon et al 1987;Araujo et al 1992;Labbé et al 2002Labbé et al , 2006Almeida et al 2007;Thygesen and Elder 2009;Elder and Houtman 2013;Fredriksson and Thygesen 2017;Stagno et al 2020Stagno et al , 2021c highlighted the LF-NMR potential in characterizing water compartments of wood for probing its different anatomical elements. On the other hand, water in wood in the hygroscopic range (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination between softwood and hardwood based on hemicellulose content obtained with portable nuclear magnetic resonance

et al. 2022

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Wood is a hygroscopic material that can reach an equilibrium moisture content when ambient temperature and relative humidity are constant. Moisture affects all properties of wood, as well as its preservative treatment. The hygroscopic behavior of wood can be attributed to the hydroxyl groups of its constituents. Since hemicellulose shows the greatest water affinity, it can be considered the main responsible for the ingress of water into the wood mass. Below the fiber saturation point, wood moisture is only stored in the cell walls. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a relative method used for the evaluation of moisture content distribution in wood and NMR relaxation is an excellent tool to study the hygroscopic behavior of different woods below the fiber saturation point. This work aimed to test the hypothesis of discriminating among softwoods and hardwoods of different botanical species and identifying further sub-clusters of woods based on the NMR proton spin–spin (T2) and spin–lattice (T1) relaxation times of their cell wall water in the hygroscopic moisture range. Importantly, the study was performed using a portable low-cost NMR instrument with which it is possible to investigate wood samples of any size. The main result of this study was that at RH = 94% the relaxation time T2,2, associated with the cell wall bound water, can be used as a marker to discriminate among softwoods and hardwoods. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination between softwood and hardwood based on hemicellulose content obtained with portable nuclear magnetic resonance

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, according to results obtained below the FSP, small RH variations might affect the relaxation times. A controlled environment with constant relative humidity and temperature is therefore highly recommended to perform non-biased NMR relaxation time The NMR protocol presented in this study can be enhanced by studying a greater number of wood species and including further NMR parameters, such as the water diffusion coe cient (Stagno et al 2021a;Stagno et al 2021c), which may re ect the different hygroscopic behavior of softwood and hardwood connected to the different ultrastructural composition of their cell walls.…”

Section: Declarations Competing Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination between Softwood and Hardwood based on Hemicellulose Content obtained with Portable Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Stagno

Ricci

Longo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Wood is a hygroscopic material that can reach an equilibrium moisture content when ambient temperature and relative humidity are constant. Moisture affects all properties of wood, as well as its preservative treatment. The hygroscopic behavior of wood can be attributed to the hydroxyl groups of its constituents. Since hemicellulose shows the greatest water affinity, it can be considered the main responsible for water entering into the wood mass. Below the fiber saturation point (FSP), wood moisture is only stored in the cell walls. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a relative method used for the evaluation of moisture content distribution in wood and NMR relaxation is an excellent tool to study the hygroscopic behavior of different woods below the fiber saturation point. This work aimed to test the hypothesis of discriminating among softwoods and hardwoods of different botanical species and identifying further sub-clusters of woods on the basis of the NMR proton spin-spin (T2) and spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times of their cell wall water in the hygroscopic moisture range. Towards this goal, a portable low-field NMR instrument was used to develop a specific non-invasive NMR protocol for in situ investigation useful in the wood industry and/or cultural heritage applications.

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“…The above cited works employed invasive or destructive NMR techniques, while some others [22]- [25] pointed out the potential of non-invasive portable NMR. Among these, our previous work Stagno et al [23] showed how 1D and 2D low-field NMR experiments can be used as complementary techniques to study water compartmentalization in archaeological waterlogged wood with the support of optical microscopy and magnetic resonance images. Furthermore, we suggested the ability of low-field NMR in detecting cell wall decay and paramagnetic impurities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we suggested the ability of low-field NMR in detecting cell wall decay and paramagnetic impurities. In respect to our previous work [23], in this study we investigated a decayed pine wood of the Roman age by using MR images with higher resolution and by characterizing the wood structure also with the pore size distribution extracted from the relaxation measurements. The results obtained from the archaeological sample were compared with the results obtained from its modern counterpart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay of a Roman age pine wood studied by micro magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance and portable nuclear magnetic resonance

Stagno

Capuani

2022

ACTA IMEKO

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Wood is a hygroscopic biodegradable porous material widely used by men in the past to create artworks. Its total preservation over time is quite rare and one of the best preservation modalities is waterlogging. Observing the anatomy of waterlogged archaeological wood could also be complicated because of its bacterial degradation. However, the characterization of wood morphology and conservation state is a fundamental step before starting any restoration intervention as it allows to extract information about past climatic conditions and human activities. In this work, a micro-invasive approach based on the combined use of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was tested both on a modern and an ancient pine wood sample. Furthermore, a completely non-invasive analysis was performed by using portable NMR. This multi-analytical NMR approach allowed to highlight the effect of decay on the wood microstructure, through alterations in the pores size, tortuosity, and images contrast of the ancient pine compared to the modern one. This work pointed out the different but complementary multi-parametric information that can be obtained by using NMR and tested the potential of high-field MRI and low-field portable NMR in the detection of wood diagnostic features.

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Testing 1D and 2D single-sided NMR on Roman age waterlogged woods

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

Discrimination between softwood and hardwood based on hemicellulose content obtained with portable nuclear magnetic resonance

Discrimination between softwood and hardwood based on hemicellulose content obtained with portable nuclear magnetic resonance

Discrimination between Softwood and Hardwood based on Hemicellulose Content obtained with Portable Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Decay of a Roman age pine wood studied by micro magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance and portable nuclear magnetic resonance

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