Testicular microlithiasis: is it significant?

Mullooly, C; Hickerton, B.; Weston, Robin; Woolley, P D

doi:10.1258/ijsa.2012.011444

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…11,12 Pooled data from 15 published studies of 33 549 ultrasound examinations give an overall prevalence of 2.7% in adult males. 13 The sonographic appearances of TM were first reported in the late 1980s 14 and are characterized by the presence of small (1-3 mm), non-shadowing, echogenic foci that are diffusely or focally distributed within the testicular parenchyma ( Figure 1); the condition is usually, but not always, bilateral. TM has been subdivided into "classical" and "limited" forms depending on whether there are more or less than five microliths on any single ultrasound image; 15 however, this arbitrary subdivision does not appear to have any prognostic value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…6 Pooled data from 15 studies involving 752 symptomatic males with TM showed that 17.2% had a co-existent testicular tumour with TM conferring a relative risk of between 13.2 and 36.5 for the presence of a TGCT. 13 It is unsurprising, therefore, that many authorities have recommended a variety of management strategies-regular self-examination, clinician-based examination, ultrasound surveillance, tumour marker surveillance and testicular biopsy-despite a lack of evidence proving a causal association. Evidence linking TM with TGCT remains largely based on case reports and retrospective series, introducing potential bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Testicular microlithiasis an ultrasound dilemma: survey of opinions regarding significance and management amongst UK ultrasound practitioners

Shetty

Bailey²,

Freeman³

2014

BJR

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular microlithiasis an ultrasound dilemma: survey of opinions regarding significance and management amongst UK ultrasound practitioners

Shetty

Bailey²,

Freeman³

2014

BJR

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“…Previous studies have shown a clear association between microlithiasis and testicular cancer, particularly in patients with risk factors such as cryptorchidism, Down's syndrome, testicular atrophy, infertility, and family history of testicular cancer [2]. However, neither follow-up nor self-examination is recommended in patients with microlithiasis without any risk factors because there are no benefits from them [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Testicular Microlithiasis and Histological Subtype in Testicular Cancer

Gonzaga-Carlos¹,

Virgen-Gutierrez²,

Angulo-Lozano³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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BackgroundThere is a clear association between testicular cancer and microlithiasis when there are predisposing risk factors such as the history of germ cell tumors in first-degree relatives, testicular atrophy, Klinefelter's syndrome, and cryptorchidism. This study aimed to establish an association between microlithiasis and the histological subtype of testicular cancer by analyzing data on Hispanic population. MethodsA retrospective cohort, longitudinal, comparative, and analytic study was conducted on patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary testicular cancer. The testicular ultrasounds were checked before any surgical treatment to find microlithiasis. We performed a binary logistic regression to establish an association between microlithiasis and the type of testicular cancer. ResultsA total of 130 clinical files were analyzed. Binary logistic regression showed no association between testicular microlithiasis and the subtype of testicular cancer (p = 0.438, 95% CI: 0.80-1.64). The result of the Pearson chi-square test showed no association (p = 0.184). We also analyzed the association between age and microlithiasis using the one-way ANOVA test (p = 0.82) and the association between age and the dichotomic subtype of testicular cancer (seminomatous and non-seminomatous) using the ANOVA one-way test, which showed no significant association in age and testicular cancer subtype (p = 0.178). ConclusionsThere was no association between testicular microlithiasis and the histological subtype of testicular cancer in our study. As mentioned before, we recommend conducting a more extensive study to provide further scientific evidence to establish a reliable association between microlithiasis and the subtype of testicular cancer since there is a discrepancy in the results of our study with the information previously reported. We encourage the study of characterization of risk factors among ethnic groups as this field has not been explored yet.

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“…TML has been suggested a premalignant condition (1,22–24). In our study, TML and normal testicles showed no clinical relevant difference in ADC values, indicating that TML testicles may have the same mechanical properties as normal tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastography and diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with testicular microlithiasis, normal testicular tissue, and testicular cancer: an observational study

et al. 2018

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Background Ultrasound elastography is increasingly available in clinical practice. Recent studies showed higher velocity stiffness in testicular tumors compared to normal testicles. Purpose To evaluate ultrasound elastography in combination with the apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in diffusion weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in testicles. DW can be a useful tool in evaluating testicular malignancies. However, the relationship between velocity stiffness and MRI diffusion is not well established. Material and Methods We prospectively included 132 patients with testicular microlithiasis (n = 53), or normal testicular tissue (n = 53), or suspected for testicular cancer (n = 26). All 132 patients underwent ultrasonography including shear wave elastography and MRI diffusion coefficient examination of the scrotum. Results No clinically relevant difference in velocity stiffness was found between normal and testicles with microlithiasis. There was a significant difference in stiffness between patients with testicular microlithiasis (0.78 m/s), normal testicular tissue (0.77 m/s), and patients with testicular cancer (1.95 m/s) ( P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference in MRI diffusion values between patients with testicular microlithiasis (0.978 × 10mms), normal testicular tissue (0.929 × 10mms), and testicular cancers (0.743 × 10mms) ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Patients with testicular microlithiasis had no malignant characteristics measured with shear wave elastography or MRI diffusion. MRI diffusion and elastography may be useful to preoperatively differentiate benign from malignant testicular lesions.

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Testicular microlithiasis: is it significant?

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Testicular microlithiasis an ultrasound dilemma: survey of opinions regarding significance and management amongst UK ultrasound practitioners

Testicular microlithiasis an ultrasound dilemma: survey of opinions regarding significance and management amongst UK ultrasound practitioners

Association Between Testicular Microlithiasis and Histological Subtype in Testicular Cancer

Elastography and diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with testicular microlithiasis, normal testicular tissue, and testicular cancer: an observational study

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