Testicular microlithiasis is associated with testicular pathology

Ganem, J; Workman, Keith R.; Shaban, Stephen F.

doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00438-5

Cited by 127 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…More importantly, by carefully analyzing the reports that found subsequent tumor occurrence in patients with TM, most cases had other predisposing factors for the development of testicular tumors, such as cryptorchidism, testicular atrophy, or previous contralateral testicular tumors. Finally, several other follow-up studies have not shown new tumor cases [4,11,14,16]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In their retrospective review of 1710 scrotal US scans, Höbarth et al documented 11 cases of TM (0.6%) in a population undergoing examination for varicocele, hypogonadism, and epididymal cysts [13]. In their retrospective review of 1,100 US scans performed for infertility, pain, or masses, Ganem et al found TM in 2% [14]. Middleton et al reviewed US data from 1,079 patients at their institution and found a prevalence of 0.68% [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together with the retrospective nature of the present study, this makes it difficult to determine the true incidence and natural course of TM. To the best of our knowledge, only two prospective studies are available to determine the incidence and natural history of TM in a healthy asymptomatic population [14,15]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testicular Microlithiasis: Prevalence and Clinical Significance in a Population Referred for Scrotal Ultrasonography

Yee

Kim

et al. 2011

Korean J Urol

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PurposeTesticular microlithiasis (TM) is an uncommon pathologic condition that is commonly diagnosed by scrotal ultrasonography. Indirect evidence suggests that this syndrome may be associated with an increased risk of testicular malignancy and infertility.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,439 patients undergoing scrotal ultrasound during a 6-year, 5-month period (January 2003 to May 2009) were retrospectively reviewed. Any possible association of TM with pathologic findings was assessed. Among patients with TM, further grading of TM with testicular cancer and semen analysis of the infertile group with TM were also performed.ResultsTM was diagnosed in 87 patients (6.0%) out of a total of 1,439. Of all established pathologic entities, only testicular malignancy and infertility were meaningfully associated with TM. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of testicular cancer between each grade. Seminal profiles (sperm count, motility, morphology, and white blood cell count) were not found to be statistically different between infertile men with and without TM.ConclusionsThe prevalence of TM in symptomatic men was found to be 6.0% with significant co-occurrence of TM, testicular cancer, and infertility. Further grading of TM does not seem to be essential with regard to the detection of patients with testicular cancer and TM. TM showed no significant effect on the seminal profiles of infertile men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testicular Microlithiasis: Prevalence and Clinical Significance in a Population Referred for Scrotal Ultrasonography

Yee

Kim

et al. 2011

Korean J Urol

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“…In clinical reports in humans, testicular calcification has been detected in association with several pathological conditions, including infertility, cryptorchidism, testicular neoplasms, Klinefelter’s syndrome, varicocele, and torsion of the testis [38,39,40,41], and in normal testes [42]. However, the etiology of testicular calcification remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Deprivation Affects the Progression of the Spermatogenic Wave and Initial Formation of the Blood-testis Barrier, Resulting in Irreversible Testicular Degeneration in Mice

Chihara

Otsuka

Ichii

et al. 2013

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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The blood testis-barrier (BTB) is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the seminiferous epithelium. Although many studies have reported that vitamin A (VA) is required for the maintenance of spermatogenesis, the relationships between the BTB, spermatogenesis and VA have not been elucidated. In this study, we analyzed BTB assembly and spermatogenesis in the testes of mice fed the VA-deficient (VAD) diet from the prepubertal period to adulthood. During the prepubertal period, no changes were observed in the initiation and progression of the first spermatogenic wave in mice fed the VAD diet. However, the numbers of preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes derived from the second spermatogenic wave onwards were decreased, and initial BTB formation was also delayed, as evidenced by the decreased expression of mRNAs encoding BTB components and VA signaling molecules. From 60 days postpartum, mice fed the VAD diet exhibited apoptosis of germ cells, arrest of meiosis, disruption of the BTB, and dramatically decreased testis size. Furthermore, vacuolization and calcification were observed in the seminiferous epithelium of adult mice fed the VAD diet. Re-initiation of spermatogenesis by VA replenishment in adult mice fed the VAD diet rescued BTB assembly after when the second spermatogenic wave initiated from the arrested spermatogonia reached the preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes. These results suggested that BTB integrity was regulated by VA metabolism with meiotic progression and that the impermeable BTB was required for persistent spermatogenesis rather than meiotic initiation. In conclusion, consumption of the VAD diet led to critical defects in spermatogenesis progression and altered the dynamics of BTB assembly.

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“…Microlithiasis is associated with decreased fertility [26] and risk of development of malignancy [27]. The significance of microlithiasis in our case is not clear as the data in children are sparse [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Phenotypical Variations in a Boy with McCune-Albright Syndrome

et al. 2010

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Background: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) typically comprises the constellation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait spots, and associated endocrinopathies including gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty, excessive growth hormone production and gigantism, hyperthyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism. Objective: We report the unique case of a boy with the diagnostic criteria of MAS accompanied by atypical short stature and macroorchidism without precocious puberty. Patient: An 8.4-year-old prepubertal boy presented with a history of recurrent bone fractures, multiple café-au-lait spots, bilateral macroorchidism, and short stature. X-ray of the extremities was consistent with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Serum inhibin B (IB) and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) were elevated; testosterone, LH, and FSH were normal for age. Results: PCR-based DNA analysis of bone tissue revealed a substitution of arginine for cysteine at position 201 in the G_sα protein resulting in activation of the G_sα subunit. Conclusions: We report a second case of MAS associated with macroorchidism. In this case, isolated Sertoli cell hyperfunction was also associated with microlithiasis and was not associated with peripheral precocious puberty. Short stature not associated with GH-IGF-1 axis abnormality was a second anomalous finding in this case. Our experience suggests that the phenotypic variation in MAS is wider than previously described.

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Testicular microlithiasis is associated with testicular pathology

Cited by 127 publications

References 26 publications

Testicular Microlithiasis: Prevalence and Clinical Significance in a Population Referred for Scrotal Ultrasonography

Testicular Microlithiasis: Prevalence and Clinical Significance in a Population Referred for Scrotal Ultrasonography

Vitamin A Deprivation Affects the Progression of the Spermatogenic Wave and Initial Formation of the Blood-testis Barrier, Resulting in Irreversible Testicular Degeneration in Mice

Unusual Phenotypical Variations in a Boy with McCune-Albright Syndrome

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