Testicular microlithiasis: Correlation with doppler sonography of testicular arteries and sperm function

Mahafza, Waleed S.; Alarini, Mahmoud Y.; Awadghanem, Ahmed F.; Odwan, Ghazi; Juweid, Malik E.

doi:10.1002/jcu.22363

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…By pooling the data, the overall prevalence of TM was 6.0 and 4.8% in infertile and fertile men, respectively (P<0.05) [30] . On the contrary, Mahafza et al [31] revealed that 20.7% (11/53) of patients with US diagnosis of TM had associated varicocele. However, Yee et al [10] found that 6% of 1439 patients who underwent scrotal US had TM, but the incidence of TM in patients with varicocele was 9.8%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Association between testicular microlithiasis and varicocele in infertile men: A comparative study

et al. 2018

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patients [8-11]. On the contrary, Höbarth et al. [12] pointed out that the prevalence of TM in patients who underwent US owing to a variety of scrotal symptoms was 0.6%. However, this incidence has increased in the past few years owing to technological advances and raising awareness about the condition [11]. In the same vein, Pedersen et al. [13] found recently that the prevalence of TM in patients who had an US investigation of the scrotum owing to testicular/scrotal symptoms was 12.8%. Moreover, Fedder [7] demonstrated that the prevalence rate of testicular hyperechoic foci (sonographic TML= testicular microlithiasis, FSH= follicle stimulating hormone, LH= luetinizing hormone) in nonvasectomized azoospermic males is 13.4%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Association between testicular microlithiasis and varicocele in infertile men: A comparative study

et al. 2018

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“…6 Some studies have found that these intrascrotal calculi lead to a decline in sperm parameters. 7,8 Other studies also revealed that these interesting things were closely related to testicular tumors. 9 However, due to the low incidence of intrascrotal calculi and the lack of relevant literature, the impact of intrascrotal calculi on sperm is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“Dancing Coins?” Unexpected Finding During microsurgery and Potential Risk of Sperm Damage: Intrascrotal Calculi: A Retrospective Analysis

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJGM

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Microsurgery of andrology always brings unexpected findings. Scrotal calculi are rare and unique, which are easily confused with tumor. To understand its etiology and harm, our study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of men with scrotal calculi to provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods: The clinical data of patients who underwent microscopic testicular sperm extraction (MTESE) and microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Data screening was performed on cases in which calculi were found or not, and the relationship between calculi and spermatogenesis was analyzed. Results: A total of 405 patients were recruited. After screening, 218 nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), 83 obstructive azoospermia (OA), and 13 cryptozoospermia (CZ) patients were included in the study. Calculi were found in 3 patients [incidence was 0.74% (3/ 405)], in which 2 patients had obstructive azoospermia (1 was epididymal calculi, 1 was intrascrotal calculi) and 1 patient had cryptozoospermia (intrascrotal calculi). Pathological results showed that chronic granuloma with abscess infiltration appeared in epididymal tissue, basement membrane thickening and fibrosis appeared in seminiferous tubules, and fibrous hyperplasia with calcium deposition was found in scrotal calculus. White blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, abstinence time and urethritis were closely related to the occurrence of calculi. While abstinence time might be a potential predictor, which increased the risk by approximately 1.2 times. Conclusion: Disturbance of the testicular microenvironment caused by lymphocyte infiltration may be the main reason for scrotal calculi and ultimately cause spermatogenesis disorders. Prolonged sexual abstinence was a potential risk.

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“… Microlithiasis is associated with abnormal semen parameters but direct causation cannot be proven[ 36 ] Testicular self-examination must be taught and encouraged in patients with microlithiasis (moderate recommendation) …”

Section: Guideline Statementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microlithiasis is associated with abnormal semen parameters but direct causation cannot be proven[ 36 ]…”

Section: Guideline Statementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Urological Society of India guidelines for the management of male infertility (Executive Summary)

Priyadarshi

Tanwar²,

Malhotra³

et al. 2023

Indian J Urol

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Testicular microlithiasis: Correlation with doppler sonography of testicular arteries and sperm function

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Association between testicular microlithiasis and varicocele in infertile men: A comparative study

Association between testicular microlithiasis and varicocele in infertile men: A comparative study

“Dancing Coins?” Unexpected Finding During microsurgery and Potential Risk of Sperm Damage: Intrascrotal Calculi: A Retrospective Analysis

The Urological Society of India guidelines for the management of male infertility (Executive Summary)

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