Testicular germ cell tumours

Abstract

Testicular germ cell cancer affects mainly young men, with 85% presenting between 15 and 44 years of age. The incidence of this disease is increasing-the lifetime risk for a man is now about one in 200 in the United Kingdom. 1 Presentation is usually with a painless lump. If the tumour is diagnosed early, more than 95% of men are cured and treatment can be less intensive. Recent management changes include avoidance of radiotherapy, although cured patients still have increased risk of cardiac problems and second cancers. Some patients also experience chronic side effects of chemotherapy, such as neuropathy, hearing loss, renal impairment, and borderline hypogonadism. This article will review how testicular cancer presents, how it is diagnosed, and what treatments are available, including recent management changes to minimise toxicity.

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