Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Jimenez, Rafael E.; Gupta, Sounak; Herrera-Hernandez, Loren; Sebo, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53775-6_7

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 279 publications

(344 reference statements)

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“…The most reliable GCT marker for yolk sac tumors is SALL4. PLAP is also positive, whereas the tumor cells are negative for SOX2, OCT4, and CD117 (102). YSTs are also positive for CDX2, an endodermal and intestinal marker, as well as for glypican 3 and GATA3.…”

Section: Yolk Sac Tumor Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

Damjanov

2021

ama

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This review deals with serologic and immunohistochemical tumor markers used in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Time tested serologic markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are routinely used in the work-up of patients with testicular tumors. Professional organizations regulating the practice of medicine in most countries worldwide require that the laboratory values for these serologic reactants be included in the pathology reports on testicular tumors as part of the tumor staging process. Immunohistochemical markers of testicular germ have been identified and widely tested during the first two decades of the XXI century. We have selected the most useful immunohistochemical markers from a few of these markers and discussed them in this review.Conclusion. Published data show that testicular tumor markers are widely used in routine practice. The study of tumor markers has improved the pathologic and clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors and has thus contributed to their treatment.

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Section: Yolk Sac Tumor Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

Damjanov

2021

ama

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“…Germ Cell Tumours (GCTs) originate from germ cells, usually in the gonads (testes and ovaries), but they can also be found elsewhere in the central nervous system, pelvis, thorax, abdomen and mediastinum [ 8 ]. TGCTs are the second most common form of Germ Cell Tumour after benign ovarian teratomas and account for more than 90% of neoplasms found in testicles [ 8 , 9 ]. Their incidence has been on the rise since the 1970s, and even though they have an extremely high survival rate, it shrinks considerably by 30 years after the diagnosis, due to metastases and relapses (15–30% of patients) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Testicular Germ-cell Tumours (Tgct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seminoma is the most common TGCT, accounting for 50% of all cases beyond puberty [ 9 ]. In fact, this malignancy is fairly uncommon during infancy and in people older than 50 years, even though it continues to be the most common form of TGCT in the latter, as the incidence of the rest of TGCTs decreases further [ 9 , 20 ].…”

Section: Testicular Germ-cell Tumours (Tgct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of TGCT increases between 3.7- and 7.5-fold in these patients; in fact, between 5% and 10% of testicular cancer patients have a history of cryptorchidism [ 26 , 27 ]. This is probably because the testicle is in an unfavourable molecular environment for its development, which can lead to GCNIS [ 9 ].…”

Section: Testicular Germ-cell Tumours (Tgct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testicular Germ Cell Tumours and Proprotein Convertases

Velado-Eguskiza

Gomez-Santos

Badiola

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (TGCT) are widely considered a “curable cancer” due to their exceptionally high survival rate, even if it is reduced by many years after the diagnosis due to metastases and relapses. The most common therapeutic approach to TGCTs has not changed in the last 50 years despite its multiple long-term side effects, and because it is the most common malignancy in young Caucasian men, much research is needed to better the quality of life of the many survivors. Proprotein Convertases (PC) are nine serine proteases responsible for the maturation of inactive proproteins with many diverse functions. Alterations in their expression have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and inflammation. Many of their substrates are adhesion molecules, metalloproteases and proinflammatory molecules, all of which are involved in tumour development. Inhibition of certain convertases has also been shown to slow tumour formation, demonstrating their involvement in this process. Considering the very established link between PCs and inflammation-related malignancies and the recent studies carried out into the immune microenvironment of TGCTs, the study of the involvement of PCs in testicular cancer may open up avenues for being both a biomarker for diagnosis and a therapeutic target.

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“…Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common malignancy among men between the ages of 15 and 34 [1]. TGCTs are histologically classified into three groups: seminomas, nonseminomas, and spermatocytic tumours [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case report of testicular choriocarcinoma complicated with pneumothorax

Sayari¹,

Kiahashemi²,

Ghodrati³

2017

Int J Surg Med

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Background: Testicular choriocarcinoma is a rare type of non-seminomatous germ cell tumour, and it often occurs in young males. It is the most aggressive form of germ cell tumour and tends to spread hematogenously, especially to the lungs. Pneumothorax is rarely the first manifestation of lung metastasis. Case summary: This case report describes a 33-year-old male with testicular choriocarcinoma and pulmonary metastasis, who presented with pneumothorax as the first critical manifestation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of its kind in the literature. Conclusion: Spontaneous pneumothorax should be considered as the first serious clinical manifestation in patients with germ cell tumours.

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Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Cited by 5 publications

References 279 publications

Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

Testicular Germ Cell Tumours and Proprotein Convertases

A case report of testicular choriocarcinoma complicated with pneumothorax

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