Testicular Development

O’Shaughnessy, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00014-4

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 382 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…50% of the control value at birth, although only interstitial cells and peritubular myoid cells expressed AR in the feral testis [ 10 ]. These cells are thought to respond to androgen signaling and to mediate Sertoli cell proliferation [ 20 ]. In the present study, we observed no changes in the Sertoli cell number at PND 14, suggesting that the androgen levels during fetal and postnatal development were not affected by CTD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testosterone levels decline after birth to a nadir at around PND 10–20 before increasing up to adulthood, indicating that the activity of the Leydig cells at PND 14 was low [ 20 ]. The Leydig cells in the adult testis actively produce testosterone [ 20 ], which itself generates reactive oxygen species [ 27 ]. Thus, CTD-induced oxidative stress may damage the Leydig cells in the adult testis but not those at PND 14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prenatal and early postnatal NOAEL-dose clothianidin exposure leads to a reduction of germ cells in juvenile male mice

Yanai

Hirano

Omotehara

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neonicotinoids are pesticides used worldwide. They bind to insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with high affinity. We previously reported that clothianidin (CTD), one of the latest neonicotinoids, reduced antioxidant expression and induced germ cell death in the adult testis of vertebrates. Here, we investigated the male reproductive toxicity of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to CTD, because it is likely that developmental exposure more severely affects the testis compared to adults due to the absence of the blood-testis barrier. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were given water gel blended with CTD (0, 10 or 50 mg/kg/day; no-observed-adverse-effect-level [NOAEL for mice]: 47.2 mg/kg/day) between gestational day 1 and 14 days post-partum. We then examined the testes of male offspring at postnatal day 14. The testis weights and the numbers of germ cells per seminiferous tubule were decreased in the CTD-50 group, and abnormal tubules containing no germ cells appeared. Nevertheless, the apoptotic cell number and proliferative activity were not significantly different between the control and CTD-exposed groups. There were no significant differences in the androgen-related parameters, such as the Leydig cell volume per testis, the Sertoli cell number and the tubule diameter. The present study is the first demonstration that in utero and lactational exposures to CTD at around the NOAEL for mice reduce the germ cell number, but our findings suggest that these exposures do not affect steroidogenesis in Leydig cells during prenatal or early postnatal life.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and early postnatal NOAEL-dose clothianidin exposure leads to a reduction of germ cells in juvenile male mice

Yanai

Hirano

Omotehara

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The pre and postnatal development of the testis in NHPs is more similar to humans than to rats: there is a quiescent period like humans (O'Shaughnessy, ); the testes develop in a lobule‐by‐lobule pattern similar to humans (Dreef et al, ); there is no coordinated cessation of gonocyte proliferation in the perinatal period (McKinnell et al, ); and the gonadal development during prenatal time is dependent on hCG and LH (O'Shaughnessy and Fowler, ; O'Shaughnessy, ). In the Rhesus monkey, the testis is under the control of pituitary gonadotropins after GD 80 (Tseng et al, ).…”

Section: Testesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Aspects of Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of the Male Reproductive System

Picut

Ziejewski

Stanislaus

2017

Birth Defects Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review describes pre- and postnatal development of the male reproductive system in humans and laboratory animals, and highlights species differences in the timing and control of hormonal and morphologic events. Major differences are that the fetal testis is dependent on gonadotropins in humans, but is independent of such in rats; humans have an extended postnatal quiescent period, whereas rats exhibit no quiescence; and events such as secretion by the prostate and seminal vesicles, testicular descent, and the appearance of spermatogonia are all prenatal events in humans, but are postnatal events in rats. Major differences in the timing of the developmental sequence between rats and humans include: gonocyte transformation period (rat: postnatal day 0-9; human: includes gestational week 22 to 9 months of age); masculinization programming window (rat: gestational day 15.5-17.5; human: gestational week 9-14); and mini-puberty (rat: 0-6 hr after birth; human: 3-6 months of age). Endocrine disruptors can cause unique lesions in the prenatal and early postnatal testis; therefore, it is important to consider the differences in the timing of the developmental sequence when designing preclinical studies as identification of windows of sensitivity for endocrine disruption or toxicants will aid in interpretation of results and provide clues to a mode of action. Birth Defects Research 110:190-227, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

“…These cells form in the coelomic epithelium ( 1 ) and go on to induce formation of the seminiferous tubules and subsequent development of the fetal Leydig cell population ( 2 ). The number of Sertoli cells increases exponentially during fetal life in mice and humans and then slows after birth, reaching adult levels by early puberty ( 3 – 5 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sertoli Cell Number Defines and Predicts Germ and Leydig Cell Population Sizes in the Adult Mouse Testis

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sertoli cells regulate differentiation and development of the testis and are essential for maintaining adult testis function. To model the effects of dysregulating Sertoli cell number during development or aging, we have used acute diphtheria toxin−mediated cell ablation to reduce Sertoli cell population size. Results show that the size of the Sertoli cell population that forms during development determines the number of germ cells and Leydig cells that will be present in the adult testis. Similarly, the number of germ cells and Leydig cells that can be maintained in the adult depends directly on the size of the adult Sertoli cell population. Finally, we have used linear modeling to generate predictive models of testis cell composition during development and in the adult based on the size of the Sertoli cell population. This study shows that at all ages the size of the Sertoli cell population is predictive of resulting testicular cell composition. A reduction in Sertoli cell number/proliferation at any age will therefore lead to a proportional decrease in germ cell and Leydig cell numbers, with likely consequential effects on fertility and health.

show abstract

Testicular Development

Cited by 11 publications

References 382 publications

Prenatal and early postnatal NOAEL-dose clothianidin exposure leads to a reduction of germ cells in juvenile male mice

Prenatal and early postnatal NOAEL-dose clothianidin exposure leads to a reduction of germ cells in juvenile male mice

Comparative Aspects of Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of the Male Reproductive System

Sertoli Cell Number Defines and Predicts Germ and Leydig Cell Population Sizes in the Adult Mouse Testis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About