Testicular and epididymal pathology in Yankasa rams experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Okubanjo, O.O.; Sekoni, V.O.; Ajanusi, O.J.; Nok, Andrew J.; Adeyeye, Adewale Ayodeji

doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60502-8

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This progressive increase in abnormalities for the 7 weeks study period, which is also the duration for a spermatogenic cycle in rams, suggest that T. congolense infection in Yankasa rams may not just affect the spermatogenesis in the testicles alone, but also the maturation process at the tail of the epididymis. This is supported by the lesions observed in the epididymis and the testis in our earlier study (23). The sperm morphological abnormalities seen in this study are also similar to those reported by Sekoni (33) in T. vivax infected Yankasa rams where abnormalities were seen from the second week post infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The infection of Yankasa rams with T. congolense showed some clinical signs (fluctuating, pyrexia, ruffled hair coat, dullness, weight loss and pallor of the mucous membrane) that have been published in our previous investigations (24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Although Adeyemo et al (3) studied the pathogenesis of T. congolense and T. brucei infections on West African Dwarf ram, while Sekoni (33) the effect of T. vivax on sperm morphology in Yankasa rams, there is no study on the effect of T. congolense on reproduction in Yankasa rams to the best of our knowledge. Aspects of the study involving genital lesions, reaction time, and semen characteristics have been described elsewhere (23,24). This paper therefore reports on the effect of T. congolense on the incidence of sperm morphology of Yankasa rams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Experimental Trypanosoma Congolense Infection on Sperm Morphology in Yankasa Rams

Okubanjo

Sekoni

Ajanusi

et al. 2015

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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The objective of the study was to determine the effect of T. congolense on the sperm morphology of Yankasa rams (YKR). Nine YKR aged 24-30 months-old were assigned into two groups of 6 infected and 3 uninfected control and were monitored for 7 weeks. The infected group of YKR was each inoculated with 1 x 10 6 T. congolense through the jugular vein, while the control group remained uninfected. The entire infected group developed trypanosomosis post infection (pi) characterized by sperm morphological abnormalities in the semen. There were significant (P<0.001) increases in the mean percentage of acrosomal, head, middle piece and tail abnormalities. Proximal and distal droplets as well detached heads were also significantly (P<0.001) increased post infection (pi). Acrosomal abnormalities, distal droplet and tail abnormalities increased from week 1 pi till the end of the study, while head abnormalities and detached heads increased from week 2 pi. Middle piece abnormalities and proximal droplets increased from week 3 and 4 pi till the end of the study respectively. The high incidence of morphological defects caused by T. congolense is capable of causing infertility from the first week pi thereby making the rams unfit for breeding at the end of the study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Experimental Trypanosoma Congolense Infection on Sperm Morphology in Yankasa Rams

Okubanjo

Sekoni

Ajanusi

et al. 2015

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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“…In the males, the effects include delayed puberty, loss of libido, severe degenerative changes of the genitalia, manifested by the production of very poor quality semen, and loss of epididymal and gonadal sperm reserves [ 4 , 5 ]. Testicular atrophy has also been reported with the presence of dead spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of goats [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animals that survived infection often remained infertile [ 9 ]. In Trypanosoma vivax or Trypanosoma congolense infected Yankasa rams, the effects on reproduction ranges from scrotal edema, poor semen quality or the cessation of semen production, genital lesions, degeneration of the testes, loss of libido as well as infertility and loss of epididymal and gonadal sperm reserves [ 4 , 5 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular pathology, gonadal and epididymal sperm reserves of Yankasa rams infected with experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma evansi

et al. 2016

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Aim:The study was conducted to evaluate the pathological effects of trypanosomosis on the testes, gonadal, and epididymal sperm reserves of Yankasa rams for 98 days.Materials and Methods:A total of 16 Yankasa rams, aged between 24 and 30 months and weighed between 22 and 25 kg, were acclimatized for a period of 2-months in a clean fly proof house and were adequately fed and given water ad-libitum. Of the 16 rams, 12 that were clinically fit for the experiment at the end of the acclimatization period were randomly divided into four groups: Groups I, II, III, and IV, each having 3 rams. Groups I and II were each challenged singly with experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Federer strain) and Trypanosoma evansi (Sokoto strain), respectively, while Group III was challenged with mixed T. brucei brucei and T. evansi parasites (50% of each species in the infective inoculum) and Group IV was left as an uninfected control. Each infected ram received 2 mL of the infected blood containing 2×106 trypomastigotes via the jugular vein, while the control group received 2 mL each, normal saline.Results:All the infected rams developed clinical signs typical of trypanosomosis at varying pre-patent periods. The gross lesions observed in the infected rams in Group II were moderate and more severe in those of Groups I and III. Histological sections of the testes of infected rams (Groups I, II, and III) showed moderate (T. evansi-infected group) to severe (mixed and T. brucei brucei-infected groups) testicular degenerations with reduction in number of spermatogenic cell layers, degenerated seminiferous tubules, congested interlobular spaces, loss of tissue architecture with significant (p<0.01) depletion, and loss of gonadal and epididymal sperm reserves in Groups I and III in comparison to Group II and the control Group IV. No observable clinical signs and histopathological lesions were found in those rams of the control Group IV.Conclusion:The study concluded that trypanosomosis due to experimental T. brucei brucei or T. evansi or mixed infections (of both parasites) caused testicular damage, decreased epididymal and gonadal sperm reserves and an important cause of infertility in Yankasa rams.

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Infection of West African dwarf rams with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma congolense significantly alter serum electrolytes, redox balance, sperm parameters, and gonadal morphology

2022

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Trypanotolerance of the West African dwarf (WAD) breeds may not rule out signi cant pathophysiological changes that may affect productivity. In this study, the effects of infection of WAD rams with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Tbb) and Trypanosoma congolense (Tc) on their serum levels of electrolytes [calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium]; oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA)]; and sperm parameters [sperm count, motility, vitality, and morphology] were investigated. Fifteen WAD rams, assigned to 3 groups (A, B & C) of 5 rams each, were used for the study. Group A rams were infected with Tbb, while Group B rams were infected with Tc, both intraperitoneally, at the dose of 10 6 trypanosomes/animal. Group C rams served as the uninfected control. The infections were monitored for 70 days. Serum calcium levels were signi cantly (p < 0.05) lower in Tbb and Tc infected rams compared to the control throughout the study. Serum sodium was signi cantly (p < 0.05) higher in the Tb infected rams compared to the Tc infected and control rams on days 14 and 28 PI. Serum SOD activity decreased while MDA levels increased in both infected groups of rams. Tbb infected rams were azoospermic, while Tc infected rams had lower sperm motility, vitality and concentration and higher number of abnormal sperm cells compared to the control. Necrotic and in ammatory lesions occurred in the testis and epididymis of both infected rams. These results suggest that in spite of trypanotolerance, trypanosome infections in the WAD rams signi cantly impact on health and reproduction.or drugs to control the parasite, while susceptible breeds die without treatments (Murray et al. 1984;d'Ieteren et al. 1998;Geerts et al. 2009). It had been reported that phenotypically, trypanotolerant livestock are able to control parasitaemia and anaemia and are less affected by weight loss during infection (Hanotte et al. 2003;Berthier et al. 2016). In spite of trypanotolerance, however, pathological changes that may signi cantly impact on productivity may occur in trypanosome infected WAD breeds.Calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium are electrolytes with diverse biological functions and which are essential for optimal growth, health and reproduction in mammals (Yasothai 2014;Escalera-Valente et al. 2021). These electrolytes participate in the formation of bones and teeth, muscle contraction, permeability of cell membranes, blood clotting, enzymatic reactions, secretion of hormones, metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, genetic transmission of nucleic acids, maintenance of normal osmotic pressure, and neural transmission (Devlin 1992;McDowell 1992; Shaker and Deftos 2000). As regards reproductive function, while extracellular sodium, Na (+), suppresses hyper-activation of sperm motility via Na (+) -Ca (2+) exchanger (Takei and Fujinoki 2016), calcium is necessary for spermatogenesis, sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization (Li et al. 2016;Beigi Harchegani et al. 2019).The fact that imbalan...

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Testicular and epididymal pathology in Yankasa rams experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Experimental Trypanosoma Congolense Infection on Sperm Morphology in Yankasa Rams

Effects of Experimental Trypanosoma Congolense Infection on Sperm Morphology in Yankasa Rams

Testicular pathology, gonadal and epididymal sperm reserves of Yankasa rams infected with experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma evansi

Infection of West African dwarf rams with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma congolense significantly alter serum electrolytes, redox balance, sperm parameters, and gonadal morphology

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