Testicular 25-hydroxycholesterol: An alternate substrate for steroidogenesis in reptiles

Singh, Varsha; Tripathy, Mamta; Rai, Umesh

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113906

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, excessive activation of tMΦ can cause chronic inflammation, even resulting in damaged Leydig cells, reduced testosterone production, and impaired testicular function. Moreover, tMΦ have been found to produce paracrine factors, such as 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), acting as steroidogenic substrates for side chain cleavage, testosterone biosynthesis and steroidogenic functions in Leydig cells ( Nes et al, 2000 ; Lukyanenko et al, 2001 ; Hutson, 2006 ; Singh et al, 2021 ). In turn, Leydig cells produce growth factors like insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) ( Cailleau et al, 1990 ), which was found to be act as an anti-inflammatory cytokine ( Nederlof et al, 2022 ) thereby may affect the inflammatory responses in tMΦ.…”

Section: Testicular Macrophages and Their Interaction With Other Test...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do macrophages play a role in the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on testicular functions?

Cui,

Culty

2023

Front. Toxicol.

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During the past decades, several endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been confirmed to affect male reproductive function and fertility in animal studies. EDCs are suspected to exert similar effects in humans, based on strong associations between levels of antiandrogenic EDCs in pregnant women and adverse reproductive effects in infants. Testicular macrophages (tMΦ) play a vital role in modulating immunological privilege and maintaining normal testicular homeostasis as well as fetal development. Although tMΦ were not historically studied in the context of endocrine disruption, they have emerged as potential targets to consider due to their critical role in regulating cells such as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and Leydig cells. Few studies have examined the impact of EDCs on the ability of testicular cells to communicate and regulate each other’s functions. In this review, we recapitulate what is known about tMΦ functions and interactions with other cell types in the testis that support spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. We also surveyed the literature for reports on the effects of the EDCs genistein and DEHP on tMΦ, SSCs, Sertoli and Leydig cells. Our goal is to explore the possibility that EDC disruption of tMΦ interactions with other cell types may play a role in their adverse effects on testicular developmental programming and functions. This approach will highlight gaps of knowledge, which, once resolved, should improve the risk assessment of EDC exposure and the development of safeguards to protect male reproductive functions.

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Section: Testicular Macrophages and Their Interaction With Other Test...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do macrophages play a role in the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on testicular functions?

Cui,

Culty

2023

Front. Toxicol.

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“…Recent studies have found that macrophages have the potential to provide an alternative pathway for steroidogenesis by providing 25-HC as a direct substrate for side chain cleavage ( 16 , 72 ). 25-HC has been shown to increase StAR protein levels in Leydig cells and adrenocortical cells in vitro ( 73 ).…”

Section: Functional Relationship Between Testicular Macrophages and L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kazeto et al transfected non-steroidogenic cells with a complex of eel P450scc cDNA (encoding Cyp11a1 ) and discovered that the recombinant CYP11A1 produced in these cells efficiently catalyzed the conversion of 25-HC into pregnenolone ( 74 ). A recent study revealed that Leydig cells utilize 25-HC as a substrate for testosterone biosynthesis ( 72 ), in which it was proposed that cholesterol is converted into 25-HC by CH25H in macrophages, and the 25-HC is subsequently secreted into neighboring Leydig cells. In Leydig cells, StAR transports 25-HC to mitochondria where is converted into pregnenolone by the CYP11A1 enzyme.…”

Section: Functional Relationship Between Testicular Macrophages and L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Cells as Critical Regulators of Steroidogenesis in the Testis and Beyond

Matsuyama

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Steroidogenesis is an essential biological process for embryonic development, reproduction, and adult health. While specific glandular cells, such as Leydig cells in the testis, are traditionally known to be the principal players in steroid hormone production, there are other cell types that contribute to the process of steroidogenesis. In particular, immune cells are often an important component of the cellular niche that is required for the production of steroid hormones. For several decades, studies have reported that testicular macrophages and Leydig cells are intimately associated and exhibit a dependency on the other cell type for their proper development; however, the mechanisms that underlie the functional relationship between macrophages and Leydig cells are unclear. Beyond the testis, in certain instances immune cells themselves, such as certain types of lymphocytes, are capable of steroid hormone production, thus highlighting the complexity and diversity that underlie steroidogenesis. In this review we will describe how immune cells are critical regulators of steroidogenesis in the testis and in extra-glandular locations, as well as discuss how this area of research offers opportunities to uncover new insights into steroid hormone production.

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Hormonal regulation of testicular functions in reptiles

Rosati

2024

Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 3

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Testicular 25-hydroxycholesterol: An alternate substrate for steroidogenesis in reptiles

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Do macrophages play a role in the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on testicular functions?

Do macrophages play a role in the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on testicular functions?

Immune Cells as Critical Regulators of Steroidogenesis in the Testis and Beyond

Hormonal regulation of testicular functions in reptiles

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