Test standard and output force characteristics of the electroresponsive biomimetic actuator based on calcium alginate hydrogel

Zhao, Gang; Yang, Junjie; Wu, Yuda; Zhao, Honghao; Zhang, Guangli; Yu, Shuqin; Wang, Zhijie

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aad895

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, the problem of improving its mechanochemical performance has become the focus of research nowadays. Zhao et al [19,20] has respectively used glycerol as the plasticizer and crosslinker CaCl 2 , to promote the output force and response speed of muscle-like gel actuator and electroresponsive biomimetic actuator, but their output force performances are still small and slow under the optimum parameters of glycerol or CaCl 2 . Xu and Sun et al [8,21,22] have explored effects of the moisture content and ionic liquid of the hydrogel-based electrolyte membrane made from sodium alginate (SA)/cellulose on the enhancement of electromechanical properties of a soft ionic actuator or nano-biocomposite artificial muscle, whereas the modification methods are cumbersome and the mechanism is too complex, which can only be applied in the laboratory without being popularized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical characteristics and influence mechanisms of a biomass hydrogel artificial muscle based on different parameters of the sodium alginate adjustment

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Yao³

et al. 2022

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Biomass Hydrogel Artificial Muscle (BHAM) is a kind of ionic electroactive polymers (EAPs), such as ionic polymer gels (IPGs) of good biocompatibility and stimulus responsiveness under electric field, which is largely used in the fields of soft robots and electric actuators. In this paper, based on the freeze-drying process, effect and influence mechanisms of Sodium Alginate (SA) parameters adjustment on the BHAM mechanochemical characteristics were researched extensively, which was verified by a set of perfect characteristic evaluation and experimental test methods, such as the porosity P (v%), water retention rate Wr (w%), mechanochemical property testing and SEM shots. The results showed that when the concentration of SA was 20 g/L, the actuating film of BHAM had suitable thickness and stomata in macroscopic appearance, and its micro pore distribution and size were uniform with the thin pore wall, which resulted in the highest porosity (i. e. ion channel) of 73.5 v%, the largest water retention rate of 76.2 w% and the optimum tensile strength of 0.38 MPa. Furthermore, calcium chloride (CaCl2) was adopted as a cross-linking agent to react with the SA to form Calcium Alginate (CA) by different CaCl2 cross-linking ratios, that was to modify the three-dimensional microstructure of the BHAM to improve its mechanical properties with the best deflection displacement of 23.9 mm and bending strain of 3.45% under the ideal CaCl2 cross-linking ratio of 1%. Besides, the diffraction of x-rays (XRD) analysis and thermal decomposition experiments of the BHAM were performed, which was demonstrated that the thermal stability of the CA-based BHAM was higher than that of the SA-based BHAM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical characteristics and influence mechanisms of a biomass hydrogel artificial muscle based on different parameters of the sodium alginate adjustment

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Yao³

et al. 2022

Smart Mater. Struct.

Self Cite

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“…With sodium alginate as the basement membrane, an artificial muscle of the sandwich structure was prepared in this study. 17 Many types of research have been conducted on the cross-linking modification of sodium alginate. Usually, the chelation of internal sodium ions and divalent ions (Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ ) leads to gelation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More and more biological polymer materials have been applied to the research of artificial muscle as influenced by the concepts of green environmental protection and sustainable development. With sodium alginate as the basement membrane, an artificial muscle of the sandwich structure was prepared in this study . Many types of research have been conducted on the cross-linking modification of sodium alginate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Output Force Characteristics of an Electric Actuator Based on Sodium Alginate and Polyvinyl Alcohol

Jia

Wang

Shu

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Research works on electric actuators made of sodium alginate have shown that the application of electric actuators in engineering has always been restricted by their small output force and stability in the process of actuation. Given the above problems, the sodium alginate-based electric actuator was improved by doping polyvinyl alcohol. First, the sodium alginate–polyvinyl alcohol actuating membrane was prepared through freeze-drying, and a three-layer structure electric actuator (SPEA) was constructed. Second, the actuation performance, mechanical and electrochemical properties, water retention rate, and tremor features of SPEA with different mass fractions of polyvinyl alcohol were studied. The results show that SPEA had optimal comprehensive performance when the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol was 1.0 wt %. The stable output force reached 3.459 mN at a voltage of 5 V, which was 1.64 times as high as that of SPEA without adding polyvinyl alcohol, the modulus of elasticity was 0.34 MPa, and the tensile strain reached 41.79%. Its specific capacitance was 1.4 times as high as that of SPEA without adding polyvinyl alcohol; with improved water retention performance, the internal space of SPEA was characterized by a staggering three-dimensional pore structure. In the end, the SPEA with a mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol at 1 wt % and the electric actuator made from pure sodium alginate were tested at a stable voltage. Based on the results, the output force of SPEA was improved with its tremor being effectively suppressed.

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“…A variety of composites of flexible polymer framework that responds to different stimuli, low power consumptions along with lightweight and flexibility make them functional constituent materials for the fabrication of soft actuators. 32–36 Moreover, the ionomeric membrane, composite of flexible polymer framework and a high amount of water like natural tissues, where the high capability of stimuli-response materials are necessary for the development of polymer membrane-based soft actuator is still required. 37,38…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hybrid electro-responsive SWNT/PEDOT: PSS-based membrane towards soft actuator applications

Khan

Jain

Banerjee

et al. 2020

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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The flexible soft actuators of conducting polymers can directly convert electrical stimulus into mechanical motions, which can be used for robotics and biomimetic applications. Herein, an electro-responsive membrane actuator based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate), functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube was fabricated using solution casting method with poly(vinyl alcohol) as a base intermediate polymer membrane. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) was evenly ornamented onto the single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane (single-walled carbon nanotube/ poly(vinyl alcohol)/ poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate)) surfaces through dip coating and verified by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The desirable bending response of the fabricated single-walled carbon nanotube/ poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) membrane with time at different voltages and generated tip force makes it a promising material as a new-generation conductive polymer-based soft actuator. A permutation of the electrical conductivity, more surface area, and admirable electromechanical properties of the single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) components consequences in the composite electrode exhibited excellent actuation performance compared to the ionic polymer-metal composite actuators with Pt electrodes surface. The fabricated actuator membrane can be employed for artificial muscles, robotics, and other bio-mimetic applications.

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Test standard and output force characteristics of the electroresponsive biomimetic actuator based on calcium alginate hydrogel

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Mechanochemical characteristics and influence mechanisms of a biomass hydrogel artificial muscle based on different parameters of the sodium alginate adjustment

Mechanochemical characteristics and influence mechanisms of a biomass hydrogel artificial muscle based on different parameters of the sodium alginate adjustment

Investigation into the Output Force Characteristics of an Electric Actuator Based on Sodium Alginate and Polyvinyl Alcohol

A hybrid electro-responsive SWNT/PEDOT: PSS-based membrane towards soft actuator applications

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