Test-retest reliability of physiotherapists using the action research arm test in chronic stroke

Nomikos, Polykarpos Angelos; Spence, Nicola; Alshehri, Mansour Abdullah

doi:10.1589/jpts.30.1271

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Action Research Arm Test was used to assess the changes in limb functions including ability to handle objects with different size, weight, and shape. It is highly recommended as a clinical and research tool for assessing the changes in motor impairments of the upper limbs following stroke ( Song, 2012 ; Carpinella et al, 2014 ; Nomikos et al, 2018 ; Dandekar and Ganvir, 2019 ; Spence et al, 2020 ). This test can be considered as an arm-specific measure of activity limitation and consists of nineteen items in four subscales: grasp, grip, pinch, and gross movements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Therapy on Improving Upper Limb Functions in Individuals With Stroke: A Randomized Control Trial

El-Kafy

Alshehri

Fiky

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Stroke is a common cause of motor disability. The recovery of upper limb after stroke is poor, with few stroke survivors regaining some functional use of the affected upper limb. This is further complicated by the fact that the prolonged rehabilitation is accompanied by multiple challenges in using and identifying meaningful and motivated treatment tasks that may be adapted and graded to facilitate the rehabilitation program. Virtual reality-based therapy is one of the most innovative approaches in rehabilitation technology and virtual reality systems can provide enhanced feedback to promote motor learning in individuals with neurological or musculoskeletal diseases.Purpose: This study investigated the effect of virtual reality-based therapy on improving upper limb functions in individuals with chronic stroke.Methods: Forty Saudi individuals with chronic stroke (6–24 months following stroke incidence) and degree of spasticity ranged between 1, 1 + and 2 according to Modified Ashworth Scale were included in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups, experimental and control, with the experimental group undertaking a conventional 1-h functional training program, followed by another hour of virtual reality-based therapy using Armeo Spring equipment and the control group received 2 h of a conventional functional training program. The treatment program was conducted three times per week for three successive months. The change in the scores of Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), WMFT-Time (time required to complete the test) and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) were recorded at baseline and after completion of the treatment. Parametric (paired and unpaired t-tests) non-parametric (Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests) statistical tests were used to identify the differences within and between groups (experimental group and control group) and evaluation times (pre- and immediately post-treatment).Results: Both groups showed significant differences (all, P < 0.05) in all measured variables after 3 months of the treatment. Individuals with stoke in the experimental group had a better improvement in ARAT (P < 0.01), WMFT (P < 0.01) and WMFT-Time (P < 0.01) scores after completion of the treatment compared to the control group. No significant difference in HGS scores was detected between groups after completion of the treatment (P = 0.252).Conclusion: The use of combined treatment of virtual reality-based therapy and conventional functional training program is more effective for improving upper limb functions in individuals with chronic stroke than the use of the conventional program alone.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Therapy on Improving Upper Limb Functions in Individuals With Stroke: A Randomized Control Trial

El-Kafy

Alshehri

Fiky

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…As one inclusion criteria was a minimal proximal arm function, the minimum score was not set to 0, but to ⩽5.0% of the maximum score, like it was previously suggested. 27 This resulted in a minimum score for the SULCS of 1. For comparability, minimum scores were also set for the Fugl-Meyer-Assessment, Action Research Arm Test, and Box and Block Test which were 3, 3, and 5, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The German version of the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale: Translation, cross-cultural adaption and evaluation of its psychometric properties

et al. 2021

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Objective: To investigate the psychometric properties of a newly developed German version of the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Neurorehabilitation clinic. Subjects: Patients after stroke ( n = 50) with moderate to severe upper limb hemiparesis undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Intervention: Not applicable. Main measures: The SULCS was administered twice by two different raters on the first day of assessments and another time the day after. Additionally the Fugl-Meyer-Assessment, Action Research Arm Test and the Box and Block Test were conducted. Three and six weeks later, the SULCS, Fugl-Meyer-Assessment and Box and Block Test were repeated. Floor and ceiling effects were analyzed. Results: Reliability was demonstrated to be excellent as displayed by weighted kappa of 0.960 (95%-confidence interval: CIκw = 0.808–1.112) for the intra-rater reliability and 0.936 (CIκw = 0.749–1.123) for the inter-rater reliability. High correlations of the SULCS with the Fugl-Meyer-Assessment (ρ = 0.889), Action Research Arm Test (ρ = 0.872), and Box and Block Test (ρ = 0.845; all P < 0.001) confirmed a high convergent validity. The longitudinal validity was determined by a moderate to high correlation of the SULCS and Box and Block Test changes (ρ ⩾ 0.695, P ⩽ 0.001). Although floor effects were observed for the SULCS (16%), they were more substantial for the Action Research Arm Test and the Box and Block Test (>38%). Conclusion: Due to the good to excellent psychometric properties and the low level of floor effects of the German version of the SULCS, the usage for clinical and scientific purposes can be recommended.

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“…13 The previous studies have reported high reliability and validity of the ARAT. 14 Its main advantage is assessing a wide range of upper extremity functions after stroke. 15…”

Section: Outcome Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Occupational Therapy on Upper Extremity Function and Daily Life Activities in Stroke Patients

AYDİLEK¹,

Yaşar²,

Yakşi³

2022

J PMR Sci

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This study aims to assess the effectiveness of occupational therapy (OT) added to standard rehabilitation treatments on hemiplegic stroke patients' daily life activities and upper extremity functions. Material and Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study included 50 patients aged between 20 and 80 who had suffered a stroke and developed hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular accident and applied to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital. The study patients were divided into two groups: an OT [treatment] group receiving standard rehabilitation (five days a week for six weeks) and OT (three days a week for six weeks, 45 minutes per day) and a standard treatment (ST) [control] group receiving standard rehabilitation only. All patients were evaluated before (at initial) and after the treatment (at the end of the 6-week treatment). The Barthel Index (BI), Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery (FMA) Scale, and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) were used to investigate treatment effectiveness. Results: There was a significant increase in the post-treatment (at the end of the 6week treatment) BI, FMA Scale, and ARAT scores in both OT and ST groups compared to the pre-treatment (at initial) scores. The FMA scale and ARAT scores significantly differed between groups 6 weeks after the treatment; the post-treatment ARAT and FMA scale scores were statistically significantly higher in the OT group than in the ST group. No significant difference was found between the groups in pre-treatment and post-treatment BI scores. Conclusion: The present study revealed that occupational therapies added to the standard rehabilitation practices contribute to developing motor functions of the upper extremity in hemiplegic stroke patients.

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Test-retest reliability of physiotherapists using the action research arm test in chronic stroke

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

The Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Therapy on Improving Upper Limb Functions in Individuals With Stroke: A Randomized Control Trial

The Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Therapy on Improving Upper Limb Functions in Individuals With Stroke: A Randomized Control Trial

The German version of the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale: Translation, cross-cultural adaption and evaluation of its psychometric properties

The Effect of Occupational Therapy on Upper Extremity Function and Daily Life Activities in Stroke Patients

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