Test of the constancy of the velocity of electromagnetic radiation in high vacuum

Beckmann, P.; Mandics, P. A.

doi:10.6028/jres.069d.071

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It should be noted that many of the experiments, considered as moving sources experiments were in fact experiments on moving images of stationary sources, produced by transparent media or movable mirrors, see, for example, [37,38]. Even the famous experiment of Ives and Stilwell [39] suffers from this defective interpretation, since it uses a moving source and its image, rather than two different sources.…”

Section: On the Movement Of Sources And Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vibrating Rays Theory

Bilbao¹,

Bernal²,

Minotti³

2014

Preprint

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The present work is aimed to explain why we started to consider Vibrating Rays Theory (VRT) as a viable representation of nature, and to elaborate some of its consequences. We first note that we have kept the probably unsuitable term "vibrating rays" as homage to its insightful introducer: Michael Faraday. Certainly, the image of rays or "protrusions" emanating from an electric charge is not a very palatable one for a contemporary physicist. The term is used in this work only as a reference to a complex, and as yet not studied, possible means of interaction among particles. In 1846 Faraday [1] introduced the concept of vibrating rays, in which an atom is conceived as having rays that extend to infinity and move with it. According to this point of view, electromagnetic radiative phenomena correspond to vibration of these rays, which propagate at speed c relative to the rays (and the atom). Although a discussion on this subject might seem to be out-of-date, there are many reasons that justified this work. The first reason is based on the fact that the constancy of the speed of light, irrespective of the source movement, has not been demonstrated experimentally in a conclusive way. In fact, only ballistic emission theories (see, for example, Ritz theory [2]) can be discarded by the experimental results (for example, Brecher [3] or Alvager et al.[4] both compare their results against a ballistic theory). The second reason is based on the fact that study of radiometric data from spacecrafts indicates the existence of different kinds of anomalous Doppler residuals. In 1998 Anderson et al. [5] reported an anomalous acceleration towards the Sun obtained from the analysis of the Doppler data of the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft. The anomaly was inferred from a small, blueshift Doppler residual obtained as the difference between measured and modeled values. Besides this term (that may be a thermal effect) there is an annual term, and in a much shorter time scale, there is a diurnal term. Also, for the Pioneer 11 there was a fast increase in the anomaly right at Saturn encounter. More recently the Doppler frequency data of different spacecrafts before and after the closest approach to Earth have shown an unexpected frequency shift, which had been called flyby anomaly [6]. Further, a range disagreement has been measured between active and passive reflection [7]. We will show that the above mentioned anomalies exhibit a signature of VRT. The third reason is related to the time definition in a rotating frame. According to Special Relativity (SRT) there is not a unique way to assign a time, whereas under VRT no contradictions are present. And finally, that VRT is compatible with all known experiments on electromagnetism and light propagation. In the present work we will (1) explain how VRT should be interpreted, and why past experiments were misinterpreted (for example, by the use of the motion of a mirror image as if it were a real source, when according to SRT itself both produce different results), (2) show the characteristics ...

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Section: On the Movement Of Sources And Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that many of the experiments relating to mobile sources relate, in fact, to moving images of stationary or moving sources, produced by transparent media or movable mirrors, see, for example, [37,38]. Even the famous experience of Ives and Stilwell [39] suffers from this defect of interpretation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrating Rays Theory

Bilbao¹,

Bernal²,

Minotti³

2014

Preprint

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“…The Principal Axioms, which are the rules for applying the Galilean transformations, were mathematically illustrated on the past century of velocity of light experiments, to include the Beckmann and Mandics Lloyd Mirror experiment [4] of 1965, the Babcock and Bergman rotating mirror experiment [5] of 1964, which was repeated by Beckmann and Mandics [6]in 1964, Rotz [7], and James and Sternberg [8] performed variations of this experiment. One of the most important experiments was performed by Albert A. Michelson [9], who acted alone, where two mirrors rotated about a common center inside of an optical loop.…”

Section: Velocity Dependent Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The photon and its measurability

Dowdye¹

2005

SPIE Proceedings

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Abstractly, the photon is looked at in Euclidean Space Geometry, this time strictly under the electrodynamics of Galilean Transformations of Velocities c = c ± v, where the velocity c refers to that velocity with which the photon is emitted from its moving primary source which moves with velocity v relative to the laboratory frame. A non-interfering hypothetical observer, not of the real world, would note from the laboratory frame that the interference free photon moves with velocity c . Since any measurement by a real world observer involves interference, the window, lens or mirror of the observers measuring apparatus gives rise to a secondary photon that is in term re-emitted with the very same velocity c relative to its secondary source, namely, the window, lens or mirror of the observers measuring apparatus. This paper will demonstrate that the problems in Modern Physics, involving both electromagnetism and gravitation, have their pure classical solutions under the electrodynamics of Galilean Transformations of Velocities, while abiding strictly by the rules of Galilean Transformations and employing the classical assumptions of the rectilinear behavior of both the photon and the graviton in Euclidean Space.

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Test of the constancy of the velocity of electromagnetic radiation in high vacuum

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Vibrating Rays Theory

Vibrating Rays Theory

The photon and its measurability

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