Test of leaf-area development in CERES-Maize: a correction

Carberry, P. S.

doi:10.1016/0378-4290(91)90028-t

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although cumulative leaf tip appearance was highly related to TT calculated with either the air, apex, or soil temperatures in all cases since they all are cumulated in time, differences arise when the slope of the relationship, or the phyllochron value is considered. For the third to ninth leaf tip and the ninth to the last tip of the second and third sowing dates, the phyllochrons calculated using air TT (Table 3) were larger than the range of values reported by Ritchie and NeSmith (1991) In the first and fourth sowing, values of the phyllochron based on air temperature were within the range or slightly higher than those reported for tropical and subtropical environments (Carberry, 1991; Manrique and Hodges, 1991; Birch et al, 1998a). Larger values of the phyllochron in the first and fourth sowings could be caused by the bias between the apex and air temperature before tassel initiation, with lower irradiance increasing phyllochrons (Birch et al, 1998b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Maize Leaf Development Biases Caused by Air–Apex Temperature Differences

Vinocur

Ritchie

2001

Agronomy Journal

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tures during short periods of the maize life cycle (Cellier et al., 1993; Ben-Haj-Salah and Tardieu, 1996). How-Accurate determination of leaf appearance rate is required in crop ever, none of them quantified the effect of the bias on simulation models to estimate canopy development and ultimately maize development. The differences between air and crop yield. Most crop simulation models use air temperature for thermal time calculations to estimate leaf appearance rate, although the meristem temperature support the evidence of biases near soil temperature is more closely related to the growing apex when air temperature is used in thermal time calculatemperature than air temperature before stem elongation. A field tions instead of apex temperatures and highlight the experiment was conducted in 1996 at East Lansing, MI, to determine importance of choosing the appropriate temperature to the effect of soil, air, and apex temperatures on maize (Zea mays L.) most accurately simulate phenology. leaf development. Maize leaf tip appearance dates and leaf numbers The phyllochron, time between the appearance of were observed on four sowing dates to provide variations in the successive leaves on a shoot, is usually expressed in units thermal regime of developing plants. Solar irradiance and temperature of TT per leaf tip (McMaster and Wilhelm, 1995). The of the air (1.5 m height), apex, and soil (1-, 3-, and 5-cm depths) phyllochron provides a convenient method to describe were recorded on 0.5-h (half-hourly) intervals. The daily average soil plant vegetative development and aids in understanding temperature at the 3-to 5-cm depth was reasonably close (ϩ0.6؇C in average) to the daily average apex temperature for use as a surrogate and modeling crop development. Measurements of the for apex temperature to increase the accuracy of maize development phyllochron for maize were reported to vary between simulation in the sowing to ninth leaf tip stage. Thereafter, the air 30 and 50ЊCd (degree days) per leaf tip using base temtemperature was sufficiently accurate to estimate plant development.peratures ranging from 6 to 9ЊC. A summary of results Using apex temperatures from leaf 3 to 9, this study indicated that from the literature (Table 1) provides phyllochron inforthe phyllochron was near 55؇C d (degree days) per leaf tip appearance. mation derived from field and controlled environment The consistent bias between air and apex temperature from sowing experiments, from diverse sites, and for a broad range to V6 found in this study clearly indicates the necessity of using the of maize cultivars. In all of these studies estimates were right temperature in thermal time calculations for accurate maize done using air temperature with no corrections for possidevelopment simulation.ble air-apex temperature biases.Accurate phyllochron values are required in crop simulation models to estimate canopy development and Có rdoba, Argentina; and J.T. Ritchie, Crop and Soil Sciences Dep., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Maize Leaf Development Biases Caused by Air–Apex Temperature Differences

Vinocur

Ritchie

2001

Agronomy Journal

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“…Remaining carbon allocation is divided between leaves and stem in a 60:40 ratio for maize (Table A2), partially based on the plant N allocation (Muchow, 1994; Sinclair and Muchow, 1995). Leaf area index changes according to carbon assimilation, allocation, and specific leaf area (e.g., Carberry et al, 1989; Carberry, 1991; Garnier et al, 1997; Birch et al, 1998). As the plant reaches physiological maturity, carbon allocated to fine roots decreases 5% in maize plants as a function of GDD (Sharpley and Williams, 1990).…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) Yield and Nitrate Loss Predictions for Wisconsin Maize Receiving Varied Amounts of Nitrogen Fertilizer

2003

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Agriculture in the U.S. Midwest faces the formidable challenge of improving crop productivity while simultaneously mitigating the environmental consequences of intense management. This study examined the simultaneous response of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching losses and maize (Zea mays L.) yield to varied fertilizer N management using field observations and the Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) model. The model was validated against six years of field observations in chisel-plowed maize plots receiving an optimal (180 kg N ha(-1)) fertilizer N application and in N-unfertilized plots on a silt loam soil near Arlington, Wisconsin. Predicted values of grain yield, harvest index, plant N uptake, residue C to N ratio, leaf area index (LAI), grain N, and drainage were within 20% of observations. However, simulated NO3-N leaching losses, NO3-N concentrations, and net N mineralization exhibited less interannual variability than observations, and had higher levels of error (20-65%). Potential effects of 30% higher (234 kg N ha(-1)) and 30% lower (126 kg N ha(-1)) fertilizer N use (from optimal) on NO3-N leaching loss and maize yield were simulated. A 30% increase in fertilizer N use increased annual NO3-N leaching by 56%, while yield increased by only 1%. The NO3-N concentration in the leachate solution at 1.4 m below the soil surface was 30.7 mg L(-1). When fertilizer N use was reduced by 30% (from optimal), annual NO3-N leaching losses declined by 42% after seven years, and annual average yield only decreased by 8%. However, NO3-N concentration in the leachate solution remained above 10 mg L(-1) (11.3 mg L(-1)). Clearly, nonlinear relationships existed between changes in fertilizer use and NO3-N leaching losses over time. Simulated changes in NO3-N leaching were greater in magnitude than fertilizer N use changes.

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“…3), although changes made in the model to reduce N release only slightly reduced predicted N uptake. Perhaps a larger part of the overprediction resulted from overestimated growth due to inaccuracies in model assumptions related to phenology and growth of tropical maize varieties (Carberry, 1991;Carberry et al, 1989). This last contention was supported by the fact that the simulated versus observed relationship for grain and aboveground dry matter mirrored that shown for N uptake in Fig.…”

Section: Nitrogen Uptake By Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Nitrogen Submodel of CERES‐Maize Following Legume Green Manure Incorporation

et al. 1993

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Crop simulation models tbat accurately predict tbe availability of N from decomposing plant residues would provide a powerful tool for evaluating legume green manures as potential N sources for nonlegume crops. Using measured data from a series of field experiments conducted on an Oxisol in central Brazil, we conducted tbis study to test tbe N submodel of CERES-Maize for its ability to simulate N mineralization, nitrate leaching, and N uptake by maize (Zea Mays L.) following tbe incorporation of 10 different legume green manures. Legume or weed residue N at tbe time of incorporation varied from 25 to 300 kg ba·' witb C/N ratios varying from 13 to 37. Comparison of predicted and measured accumulation of inorganic N in uncropped soil showed tbat tbe model usually provided a realistic simulation of legume N release, altbougb N release was overpredicted for some legumes. For all legumes, botb simulated and measured data showed tbat about 60% of tbe organic N applied was recovered as inorganic N within 120 to 150 d after incorporation. To realistically simulate N availability wben rainfall was excessive, we modified tbe model to account for delayed leaching due to nitrate retention in tbe subsoil. Nitrogen uptake by maize was generally overpredicted at bigb levels of available N. Tbe N submodel was sbowo to realistically simulate legume N release, but further work is needed to determine tbe importance of subsoil nitrate retention in other soils and bow best sucb retention might be described in tbe model.

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Test of leaf-area development in CERES-Maize: a correction

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Maize Leaf Development Biases Caused by Air–Apex Temperature Differences

Maize Leaf Development Biases Caused by Air–Apex Temperature Differences

Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) Yield and Nitrate Loss Predictions for Wisconsin Maize Receiving Varied Amounts of Nitrogen Fertilizer

Evaluation of the Nitrogen Submodel of CERES‐Maize Following Legume Green Manure Incorporation

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