Test of 34 Therapeutic Agents for Control of Kidney Disease in Trout

Abstract

Sixteen strains of fish kidney disease bacterium were tested in vitro to determine their reaction to 34 therapeutic agents. On the basis of the results obtained ten of the drugs were employed in experimental therapy of kidney disease in eastern brook trout (Salvelinus [ontinalis). Erythromycin at the rate of 100 milligrams per kilogram of fish per day (4.5 grams per 100 pounds of fish) for 21 days gave the best results. Other drugs gave only temporary benefit if any.

Concentrations of erythromycin and azithromycin in mature Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha after intraperitoneal injection, and in their progeny

“…In captive broodstock programs rearing endangered Pacific salmon, subadult fish are treated prophylactically using erythromycin as a feed additive, administered at daily dosages of 100 mg kg -1 for 21 to 28 d of continuous therapy (Wolf & Dunbar 1959, Peters & Moffitt 1996. Then, because eggs may acquire infections during oogenesis (Lee & Gordon 1987) and following ovulation when they are surrounded by contaminated coelomic fluid (Lee & Evelyn 1989), maturing adult salmon are given a single ABSTRACT: A single dose (40 mg kg -1 ) of erythromycin or azithromycin dihydrate was injected intraperitoneally into maturing female fall Chinook salmon 12 to 32 d before spawning to observe the distribution, retention and clearance of the drugs in plasma, kidney, coelomic fluid and egg vitellin, and their persistence in alevins derived from these fish.…”

Accumulation and clearance of orally administered erythromycin and its derivative, azithromycin, in juvenile fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

“…Although treatment with erythromycin may result in short-term health improvement, it often fails to eliminate the pathogen from the host and clinical signs may return after treatment ends (Wolf & Dunbar 1959). Vaccines currently available to prevent BKD in Pacific salmonids confer only limited protection (Rhodes et al 2004), and there is a clear need for alternative chemotherapeutants, particularly in captively reared endangered stocks.…”

Brood stock segregation of spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) affects the prevalence and levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in progeny

“…Bacterial kidney disease is difficult to control; there are no effective vaccines and antibiotic therapy is only partially effective (Elliott et al 1989). Oral chemotherapy of salmonids with erythromycin reduces mortality, but it does not eliminate infections from all treated fish (Wolf & Dunbar 1959, Austin 1985. There is some evldence that juvenile anadromous salmonids infected with R. salmoninarum while in fresh water die of BKD upon entry into salt water (Banner et al 1986).…”