Test No. 490: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests Using the Thymidine Kinase Gene

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doi:10.1787/9789264264908-en

Cited by 32 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Ames test was performed as per the procedure described earlier. 18,19 Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA100 and TA102 were cultured in nutrient broth (16 h at 37 °C), and its aliquot (1 mL) was centrifuged and suspended in nutrient broth (500 μL, 2X). In control set EMS (133 mM) was added, gently mixed and incubated (37 °C for 20 min).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Predominance of Abscisic Acid in Pongammia pinnata (“Karanj”) Honey Contributed to its Strong Antimutagenicity

Saxena

Tripathi

Chatterjee

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Various samples of raw (unprocessed) floral honey collected from different geographical locations of India were assayed for its antimutagenicity against ethyl methanesulfonate in E. coli MG1655 cells through rifampicin resistance assay. A monofloral honey ("Pongammia pinnata", local name "Karanj") displayed maximum antimutagenicity (78.0 ± 1.7; P ≤ 0.05). Solid phase extraction (using Amberlite XAD-2 resin) followed by HPLC resulted into different peaks displaying varying antimutagenicity. Peak at retention time (R) 27.9 min (henceforth called P) displayed maximum antimutagenicity and was further characterized to be abscisic acid (ABA) using ESI-MS and NMR. Its antimutagenicity was reconfirmed through human lymphoblast cell line (TK6) mutation assay using thymidine kinase (tk) cell line. Although ABA from this honey displayed strong antimutagenicity, it lacked any in vitro antioxidant capacity indicating noninvolvement of any radical scavenging in the observed antimutagenicity.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Predominance of Abscisic Acid in Pongammia pinnata (“Karanj”) Honey Contributed to its Strong Antimutagenicity

Saxena

Tripathi

Chatterjee

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Despite being a validated method [ 49 ], only three assays were performed with the in vitro mammalian gene mutation method ( Figure 4 ). Two different cell lines can be used for this assay: L5178Y TK +/− −3.7.2 C mouse lymphoma and TK6 human lymphoblastoid cell lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure of these cells to a test agent may induce non-repairable gene mutations or chromosomal events (namely, loss of heterozygosity, LOH) turning the autosomal and heterozygous TK +/− gene into TK −/− ( Figure 2 ). The major limitation of the method is that conditions such as pH, and osmolarity can easily lead to false-positive results [ 49 ]. However, due to the limitations of other tests to evaluate nanomaterials’ potential to induce gene mutations (e.g., Ames test), mammalian gene mutation assays are mandatory under the regulatory umbrella [ 23 , 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b The doses (µg/mL) at which positive results are reported are indicated in brackets. c The evaluation of cytotoxicity has resulted in a reinterpretation of the authors’ results, based on the recommended 20–10% viability limit established in the OECD TG 490 [ 49 ] for non-toxic concentrations. Every cytotoxicity assay has been considered, regardless of whether it was or was not a proliferation assay recommended by the OECD TG 490 [ 49 ]; the lowest dose (µg/mL) at which positive results are reported is indicated in brackets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxicity of Graphene-Based Materials

et al. 2022

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Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are a broad family of novel carbon-based nanomaterials with many nanotechnology applications. The increasing market of GBMs raises concerns on their possible impact on human health. Here, we review the existing literature on the genotoxic potential of GBMs over the last ten years. A total of 50 articles including in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and human biomonitoring studies were selected. Graphene oxides were the most analyzed materials, followed by reduced graphene oxides. Most of the evaluations were performed in vitro using the comet assay (detecting DNA damage). The micronucleus assay (detecting chromosome damage) was the most used validated assay, whereas only two publications reported results on mammalian gene mutations. The same material was rarely assessed with more than one assay. Despite inhalation being the main exposure route in occupational settings, only one in vivo study used intratracheal instillation, and another one reported human biomonitoring data. Based on the studies, some GBMs have the potential to induce genetic damage, although the type of damage depends on the material. The broad variability of GBMs, cellular systems and methods used in the studies precludes the identification of physico-chemical properties that could drive the genotoxicity response to GBMs.

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Occupational Toxicology in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Dolan

Bercu

Graham³

et al. 2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Much of the activity in the pharmaceutical industry has its origins in the fine chemicals industry of the late nineteenth century. At that time, advances in chemistry and medicine led to the manufacture of pharmacologically active small molecules to produce desirable biological effects to treat diseases and illnesses at relatively low doses. Advances in biology and chemistry in the past quarter century have led to an increase in innovation resulting in a variety of novel modalities, especially recombinant proteins, antibody‐drug conjugates, cell and gene therapies, peptides and polypeptides, oligonucleotides, and vaccines. The roles and responsibilities of occupational toxicologists in the pharmaceutical industry have expanded dramatically in the twenty‐first century, commensurate with the changing regulatory requirements and treatment modalities. The occupational toxicologists' roles have become increasingly multidisciplinary and the scope of their involvement has expanded to encompass diverse aspects of worker safety as well as patient safety, and to include involvement throughout a molecule's development, from early development through postcommercialization.

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Test No. 490: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests Using the Thymidine Kinase Gene

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Natural Predominance of Abscisic Acid in Pongammia pinnata (“Karanj”) Honey Contributed to its Strong Antimutagenicity

Natural Predominance of Abscisic Acid in Pongammia pinnata (“Karanj”) Honey Contributed to its Strong Antimutagenicity

Genotoxicity of Graphene-Based Materials

Occupational Toxicology in the Pharmaceutical Industry

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