Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials

,

doi:10.1520/e0096-00

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…At the identical ultrasonic time, when the DMC concentration grew from 1% to 4%, the tensile strength of the fiber grew first then declined on the whole, while the elongation at break generally grew first then declined. [26]. When DMC concentrations of the composite film were at 2%, the elongation at break was the highest at 273.70% ± 4.86% (without sonication), 13.83% better than PVA/CS film 240.44% ± 6.19%.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Pva/cs/dmc Composite Filmsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We explored the samples with 100 total scans per sample, the sample scan time of 32 s, the background scan time of 32 s, scanner velocity of 2.2 kHz, an aperture setting of 6 mm, the range of 650 to 4000 cm −1 and a resolution of 4 cm −1 , in the range of 650 to 4000 cm −1 . With the use of a Bruker 66 spectrometer (Ettlingen, Germany), in the absorbance mode, we recorded spectral outputs as a wave number function [26].…”

Section: Fourier-transform Infrared Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the measurement of the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) using the ASTM method E96-00 [26], sample films' water vapor permeability was measured. Such value was ascertained with the technique of Zhang et al [27].…”

Section: Water Vapor Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consistent solutions were kept at about 25 • C for 24 h to take away bubbles forming throughout stirring. To detect the influence exerted by ultrasonication on film-forming performance, each solution was subjected to ultrasound in the ultrasonic limpid cav at an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz and power of 50 W [26]. PVA/CS/DMC blend film was planned as a composite film using a slight layer of a homogeneous blend on a Teflon pane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Characterization of Ultrasound Treated Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan/DMC Antimicrobial Films

Wang

et al. 2019

Coatings

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In this research, chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were adopted as a material, methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) was added in various concentrations and was treated ultrasonically for the formation of films with the use of the polymer blending method. The influences exerted by the ultrasonication period on PVA/CS/DMC antimicrobial active materials underwent material characteristic tests. The consequences revealed that at the break of the compound films, ultrasonication raised the elongation and tensile strength on the whole. Ultrasonication further or also enhanced the light transmittance performance and composite films’ barrier property. Furthermore, the compound film with a DMC concentration of 2% had good antibacterial properties, the film’s inhibition rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli after ultrasonication were 79.23% ± 1.92% and 72.31% ± 1.35%, respectively.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Pva/cs/dmc Composite Filmsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Fourier-transform Infrared Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Vapor Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Characterization of Ultrasound Treated Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan/DMC Antimicrobial Films

Wang

et al. 2019

Coatings

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“…Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of blend films was determined by using Permatran W600 (Macon Inc., Minneapolis, MN). This measurement was done according to ASTM E 96-00 standard method [12]. It is sixstation computer-monitored system.…”

Section: Water Vapor Permeability (Wvp) Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Phase Behavior and Miscibility on Mechanical, Thermal and Micro-Structure of Soluble Starch-Gelatin Thermoplastic Biodegradable Blend Films

Soliman¹,

Furuta²

2014

FNS

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Polymer blends of cold water soluble starches (amylose or amylopectin soluble starch) with gelatin were prepared using solvent casting method. The solid state miscibility and polymer-polymer interactions between the constituent polymers were studied by fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorirmetry (DSC), light optical microscopy (OP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas the thermal stability of the blends was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, tensile and water vapor barrier properties of the blends were assessed. The obtained results exhibited that gelatin was more miscible with amylose soluble starch than with amylopectin soluble starch. Moreover, enhancing mechanical and water barrier properties of amylose soluble starch/gelatin blends were more pronounced than those of amylopectin soluble starch/gelatin blends. Generally, tensile strength (TS) and Elongation percentage (E) of the blend films were found to be gradually increased with increasing the proportion of gelatin. Nevertheless, increasing starch proportion was in favor of decreasing water vapor permeability (WVP). At equal proportions of starch and gelatin (1:1), TS was raised up to 8.69 MPa for amylose soluble starch/gelatin blend films while it raised up to 4.96 MPa for amylopectin soluble starch/gelatin blend films, and so on E was increased to its maximum by ~179.6% for soluble amylose starch/gelatin blends while it was increased to ~114.5% for amylopectin soluble starch/gelatin blends. On the other hand, WVP was significantly decreased to be 6.46 and 12.09 g•mm/m 2 •day•kPa for blends of amylose and amylopectin soluble starches,

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Moisture barriers used in firefighters' protective clothing: Effect of accelerated thermal aging on their mechanical and barrier performance

Munevar‐Ortiz,

Nychka,

Dolez

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Moisture barriers are an essential component in firefighters' protective clothing as they allow water vapor to exit and prevent liquids from entering into the garment. However, they may be sensitive to thermal aging. This study investigates the effect of accelerated thermal aging at temperatures between 95 and 240°C on three different moisture barriers used in firefighters' protective clothing. Variations in their tear force, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and apparent contact angle were observed after thermal aging. These variations were influenced by factors such as the base fabric structure, fiber content, adhesive characteristics, and presence of an additional flame‐resistant polyurethane coating on top of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. Adhesive degradation and delamination were observed in one moisture barrier, whilst different extents of base fabric degradation occurred in all three of them, leading to tear force reduction. Depending on the moisture barrier and aging temperature, the membranes experienced crack formation or pore closure, which affected the WVTR. The water‐repellent finish on the fabric side degraded in two moisture barriers but was not affected in the other. These findings highlight the importance of considering the constitutive materials and the structure of moisture barriers to understand their aging behavior and improve firefighters' safety.

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Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Ultrasound Treated Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan/DMC Antimicrobial Films

Preparation and Characterization of Ultrasound Treated Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan/DMC Antimicrobial Films

Influence of Phase Behavior and Miscibility on Mechanical, Thermal and Micro-Structure of Soluble Starch-Gelatin Thermoplastic Biodegradable Blend Films

Moisture barriers used in firefighters' protective clothing: Effect of accelerated thermal aging on their mechanical and barrier performance

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