Test method for narrowband F/TDMA-based wireless sensor/actuator networks including radio channel emulation in severe multipath environments

Cammin, Christoph; Krush, Dmytro; Heynicke, Ralf; Scholl, Gerd

doi:10.5194/jsss-7-183-2018

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…General surveys of IOLW are given in [23], [25], [27], [34], [35] with a focus on roaming in [36], antenna planning in [37], coexistence in [5], [38], [39], security enhancement in [40], [41] or on IOLW testing in [42]- [46]. However, a short introduction to IOLW is given here for completeness.…”

Section: Io-link Wirelessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The usage of narrow-band (in comparison with typical coherence bandwidths of wireless channels in industrial manufacturing environments, e.g. [2], [23], [39], [42]) receivers also employed in BLE systems result in a large system margin. The small bandwidth together with an optimized receiver design results in a narrow noise bandwidth and a high receiver sensitivity of around -94 dBm (e.g.…”

Section: A Wireless Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Architecture Proposal for Low-Latency Sensor/Actuator Networks using IO-Link Wireless

2022

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In the field of production automation, IO-Link Wireless (IOLW) offers energy-efficient and cost-effective solutions for networking wireless sensors and actuators close to the machines on the industrial shop-floor. In this paper, a concept is presented to enhance IOLW with security-for-safety and safety features in order to make safety critical systems in industrial environments with performance characteristics dedicated to demanding applications feasible. As data security is of paramount importance, security mechanisms already implemented in other wireless protocols are investigated and security-for-safety mechanisms for IOLW are introduced. Potential cryptographic algorithms are evaluated for IOLW with respect to energy consumption and timing. Taking performance parameters into account, which are crucial for industrial manufacturing processes, a safety protocol data unit (SPDU) is described and evaluated for different payload length and cycle times. Finally, an outlook towards the implementation of a demonstrator setup completes this work.

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Section: Io-link Wirelessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Wireless Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Architecture Proposal for Low-Latency Sensor/Actuator Networks using IO-Link Wireless

2022

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“…General surveys of IOLW as an open-vendor communication solution for factory automation on the shop floor are given in [?, 7,8,9,10] with a focus on roaming in [11], antenna planning in [12], coexistence in [13,14,15], security enhancement in [16,17] and functional safety [1], and on IOLW testing in [19,20,21,22,23]. Nevertheless, a short introduction to IOLW is given here.…”

Section: Io-link Wirelessmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Security of IO-Link Wireless Communication in the Safety Domain

Doebbert¹,

Fischer²,

Merli³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Security is an essential requirement of Industrial Control System (ICS) environments and its underlying communication infrastructure. Especially the lowest communication level within Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems -the field level -commonly lacks security measures. Since emerging wireless technologies within field level expose the lowest communication infrastructure towards potential attackers, additional security measures above the prevalent concept of air-gapped communication must be considered. Therefore, this work analyzes security aspects for the wireless communication protocol IO-Link Wireless (IOLW), which is commonly used for sensor and actuator field level communication. A possible architecture for an IOLW safety layer has already been presented recently [1]. In this paper, the overall attack surface of IOLW within its typical environment is analyzed and attack preconditions are investigated to assess the effectiveness of different security measures. Additionally, enhanced security measures are evaluated for the communication systems and the results are summarized. Also, interference of security measures and functional safety principles within the communication are investigated, which do not necessarily complement one another but may also have contradictory requirements. This work is intended to discuss and propose enhancements of the IOLW standard with additional security considerations in future implementations.

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“…Various studies on correlation between the individual measurement series were performed, typically with the intention of estimating the uncertainty of RC measurements (e.g., Chen, 2013;Pirkl et al, 2012). In particular, commonly the number of individual samples is estimated by utilizing autocorrelation of a measurement sample sequence (e.g., Delangre et al, 2009;Pfennig, 2016).…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employing correlation for wireless components and device characterization in reverberation chambers

Cammin¹,

Krush²,

Heynicke³

et al. 2019

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Reverberation chambers are well-proven test environments for radio frequency (RF) measurements. Typically, mean values are taken from the measurements to characterize the equipment under test. In the novel approach presented in this paper, the correlation of measured sample sequences is utilized to detect deviations, in particular of the radiation characteristics, from reference equipment. This approach is exemplified by a measurement setup using several different antennas with the same housing. The complex correlation coefficient and the correlation coefficient with respect to the transferred power of two measured sample sequences are calculated and evaluated for a suitable frequency range to detect differences between the radiation characteristics.

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Test method for narrowband F/TDMA-based wireless sensor/actuator networks including radio channel emulation in severe multipath environments

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Safety Architecture Proposal for Low-Latency Sensor/Actuator Networks using IO-Link Wireless

Safety Architecture Proposal for Low-Latency Sensor/Actuator Networks using IO-Link Wireless

On the Security of IO-Link Wireless Communication in the Safety Domain

Employing correlation for wireless components and device characterization in reverberation chambers

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