Test and Control of Fuel Injector Deposits in Direct Injected Spark Ignition Vehicles

DuMont, Richard J.; Evans, Joel A.; Feist, Dennis P.; Studzinski, William; Cushing, Timothy

doi:10.4271/2009-01-2641

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Based on the Equation (3), the fuel flow rate loss versus time is comprised of a rapid initial rate of fuel flow rate loss followed by a stabilized fuel flow loss after a sufficiently long test time; something which was observed in many publications [18,22,26,36,37]. The basic concept of injector deposits and how they affect the injector fuel flow rate are clear; however the mechanism of deposit formation is more complicated.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Injector Deposit Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Wang

et al. 2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

151

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Controlling fuel injector deposits is recognised as a challenge for advanced direct-injection sparkignition (DISI) engines. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the research on formation, measurement, effect, and mitigation of injector deposits in DISI engines. Methodologies for the injector deposit studies include visual and compositional analysis. It is shown that injector deposits will reduce injector fuel flow rates, and lead to changes in spray characteristics. Consequently, spray angle and envelope are likely to be affected, and spray penetration distance as well as droplet diameter can be increased. Injector deposits are revealed to be primarily fuel-derived and created by two distinct free radical pathways, i.e., low temperature auto-oxidation and high temperature pyrolysis. Fuel compositions (olefins, aromatics, and sulphur), as well as T90 parameter, are significant factors in injector deposit formation. The worst consequences of injector fouling are pre-ignition, and engine misfiring and malfunction. Emissions, especially particulates, dramatically increase as the fuel injector becomes fouled. It appears that fuel detergent is the most effective method in controlling injector deposit formation if its chemistry and dosage rate are optimized. Outward opening piezo-driven injector configuration with a good surface finish, a sharp nozzle inlet, and a counter bore design, is useful in preventing injector deposit formation. Reducing injector nozzle temperature by methods such as designing special injector cooling passages, and improving engine design are also proven to be 2 helpful in reducing injector fouling. Anti-deposit coatings only delay the onset of injector deposit formation.

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Section: Mechanism Of Injector Deposit Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wave length of electrons are shorter than that of the visible light; therefore resolutions of 0.2 to 0.5 nm can be achieved [49]. Many researchers have taken SEM images of injector deposits [14,22,25,26,37,[45][46][47].…”

Section: Deposit Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Wang

et al. 2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

151

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“…The injector can therefore suffer from the accumulation of deposits on the injector tip and in the nozzle holes [5]. A relatively small amount of deposit can change the carefully designed injector fuel flow rate [6][7][8][9][10], spray pattern [11][12][13], atomization characteristics [12][13] and the interaction with the in-cylinder flow [12]. And the changes of the spray may result in worsened emissions [14][15][16][17]21], increased fuel consumption [6,18,19,21] and misfire of the engine [1,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mitigation methods for GDI injector tip deposit have been widely explored in 6 literature [7][8][9][10][22][23][24][25]. There were mainly three ways to mitigate injector deposits: detergents, injector designs and engine designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detergents could disperse deposit precursors and clean metal surfaces. Studies showed that some of the detergents could efficiently remove injector tip deposit [9,10,22]. Injector tip deposit formation could be mitigated by reducing injector tip temperature since the deposit formation is closely related to injector tip temperature [7,8,18,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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