Test and Comprehensive Evaluation for the Performance of UAV-Based Fertilizer Spreaders

Song, Cancan; Zhang, Ying; Zhou, Zhiyan; Luo, Xiwen; Zhao, Lingli; Ming, Rui; Zi, Le; Zang, Yu

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3034593

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…UAVs have been widely applied in spreading fertilizers, and unlike ground machinery, aerial operations can improve the efficiency of fertilizer application on the target plot without touching the crop canopy and the crop surface [13]. In addition, the payload and stability of agricultural UAV technology have been greatly improved, which increases their spreading performance [14][15][16][17]. In China, applying for airspace through relevant departments can obtain the right to use agricultural drones in this airspace according to the working requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Neuron PID UAV Variable Fertilizer Application Control System Based on a Weighted Coefficient Learning Correction

Yao

et al. 2022

Agriculture

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Agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are a new type of fertilizer application technology, have been rapidly developed internationally. This study combines the agronomic characteristics of rice fertilization with weighted coefficient learning-modified single-neuron adaptive proportional–integral–differential (PID) control technology to study and design an aerial real-time variable fertilizer application control system that is suitable for rice field operations in northern China. The nitrogen deficiency at the target plot is obtained from a map based on a fertilizer prescription map, and the amount of fertilizer is calculated by a variable fertilizer application algorithm. The advantages and disadvantages of the two control algorithms are analyzed by a MATLAB simulation in an indoor test, which is integrated into the spreading system to test the effect of actual spreading. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal test of fertilizer-spreading performance is designed for an outdoor test, and the coefficient of variation of particle distribution Cv (a) as well as the relative error of fertilizer application λ (b) are the evaluation indices. The spreading performance of the spreading system is the best and can effectively achieve accurate variable fertilizer application when the baffle opening is 4%, spreading disc speed is 600 r/min, and flight height is 2 m, with a and b of evaluation indexes of 11.98% and 7.02%, respectively. The control error of the spreading volume is 7.30%, and the monitoring error of the speed measurement module is less than 30 r/min. The results show that the centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader improves the uniformity of fertilizer spreading and the accuracy of fertilizer application, which enhances the spreading performance of the centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Neuron PID UAV Variable Fertilizer Application Control System Based on a Weighted Coefficient Learning Correction

Yao

et al. 2022

Agriculture

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“…Spraying pesticides [63] Wheat -Increasing the use of spray -Reduce different problems that affect the human environment -Decrease crop damage and labor intensity [64] Pesticides Spraying fertilizers [65] Fertilizers…”

Section: Applications In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Design Configuration and Technical Application of Rotary-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Zhao¹,

Li²

2022

MITS

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Due to their advantages in hovering, takeoff and landing adaptability, maneuverability, and other factors, rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely applied across many different fields. The UAVs' design and configuration can be quite flexible to fit diverse operation conditions. The major goal of innovations in rotary-wing UAVs is to lower operating risk and expense by optimizing payload and structure layout. This study examines three aspects of rotary-wing UAV design and evolution: the number and arrangement of rotors, hybrid-wing-based UAVs, and configuration and loading structures. The most current advancements of UAV applications in crucial industries, including agriculture, fire rescue, inspection and monitoring, and aerial logistics, are then thoroughly examined. Finally, the authors discussed the prospective uses for rotary-wing UAV design in the future.

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“…The flight height determines the movement time of the particle in the air after leaving the spreading device. The distribution of the rotor wind field at different heights is quite different, which affects the particle movement trajectory and deposition position [28]. During study of the disc-type UAV spreading device, Chojnacki et al analyzed the influence of the presence or absence of rotor airflow on the distribution of particle deposition at two operating heights of 0.5 m and 1 m. The results show that the rotor airflow at both heights can accelerate the deposition of particles, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of particles on both sides of the spreading device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Deposition Distribution of Multi-Rotor UAV-Based Fertilizer Spreader under Different Height and Speed Parameters

Song

Liu

Wang

et al. 2023

Drones

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As an effective supplement to ground machinery, UAVs play an important role in agriculture and have become indispensable intelligent equipment in the development of precision agriculture. Various types of agricultural UAV-based spreading devices, mainly disc-type and pneumatic-type, have appeared in domestic and foreign markets. UAV-based rice topdressing has gradually become a widely recognized application with great market potential. In the process of UAV-based low-altitude fertilization, due to the existence of the rotor wind field, the environment for particle air diffusion is complex, and the movement trajectory and deposition distribution of fertilizer are affected by many factors, resulting in large differences in the spreading. The flight height and speed have a great influence on particle movement and deposition, and a reasonable combination of work parameters can be used for efficient and high-quality particle deposition. In order to obtain better particle deposition distribution, this paper uses the method of a single flight line to test and analyze the characteristics of particle deposition distribution for fertilization using multi-rotor UAVs at different flight heights and speeds. The effective swath width and deposition uniformity obtained via the simulation of overlapped route superposition were used to optimized the appropriate work parameters to ensure that a reasonable and effective deposition amount can be obtained during actual application. The results show that the flight height and speed and the interaction of both have an important influence on the deposition amount and the effective width, but it is not a simple linear relationship. On the whole, as the flight height increases, the coefficient of variation decreases and the effective width increases, but it is not obvious when the speed is low. For the R20, when the flight speed is 2 m/s, the effective width first increases and then decreases with the increase in flight height, and the difference in the deposition amount at a height of 5 m is larger than that at other heights. Under the three working heights, the effective swath width is the same when the flight speed is 4 m/s and 6 m/s, and the effective swath width is also the same when the speed is 7 m and 9 m. For the T16, when the flight speed is 4 m/s, the deposition uniformity is relatively good, and the effective width increases with the increase in flight height. Therefore, the combination of 7–6 m/s and 9–4 m/s parameters will be the best operating parameters for R20 and T16. However, considering the actual dynamic meteorological environment in the field, the operating height can be appropriately lowered according to the influence of the crosswind during actual operation. The research results of this paper can provide scientific reference and suggestions for further improving the effect of UAV-based fertilization.

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Test and Comprehensive Evaluation for the Performance of UAV-Based Fertilizer Spreaders

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Single-Neuron PID UAV Variable Fertilizer Application Control System Based on a Weighted Coefficient Learning Correction

Single-Neuron PID UAV Variable Fertilizer Application Control System Based on a Weighted Coefficient Learning Correction

Design Configuration and Technical Application of Rotary-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Particle Deposition Distribution of Multi-Rotor UAV-Based Fertilizer Spreader under Different Height and Speed Parameters

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