TESS-Keck Survey. XIV. Two Giant Exoplanets from the Distant Giants Survey

Zandt, Judah Van; Petigura, Erik A.; MacDougall, Mason G.; Gilbert, Gregory J.; Lubin, Jack; Barclay, Thomas; Batalha, Natalie M.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Dressing, Courtney D.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Howard, Andrew W.; Huber, Daniel; Isaacson, Howard; Kane, Stephen R.; Robertson, Paul; Roy, Arpita; Weiss, Lauren M.; Behmard, Aida; Beard, Corey; Chontos, Ashley; Dai, Fei; Dalba, Paul A.; Fetherolf, Tara; Giacalone, Steven; Henze, Christopher E.; Hill, Michelle L.; Hirsch, Lea A.; Holcomb, Rae; Howell, Steve B.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Latham, David W.; Mayo, Andrew W.; Mireles, Ismael; Močnik, Teo; Murphy, Joseph M. Akana; Pidhorodetska, Daria; Polanski, Alex S.; Ricker, G.; Rosenthal, Lee J.; Rubenzahl, Ryan A.; Winn, Joshua N.; Scarsdale, Nicholas; Turtelboom, Emma V.; Vanderspek, R.; Winn, Joshua N.

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aca6ef

“…So this target will be favorable for both transmission and emission spectroscopy. This planet also has one Jupiter analog outer companion TOI-1694c (M i sin = 1.05 M J , P = 389 days) discovered by Van Zandt et al (2023). Our predicted mass 25.5 ± 11.9 M ⊕ for TOI-1694b using Chen & Kipping (2017) is also comparable to the true measured by Van Zandt et al (2023), which is 26.1 ± 2.2 M ⊕ .…”

Section: Toi-1694supporting

confidence: 71%

VaTEST. II. Statistical Validation of 11 TESS-detected Exoplanets Orbiting K-type Stars

Mistry

¹

,

Pathak

²

,

Prasad

³

et al. 2023

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NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is an all-sky survey mission designed to find transiting exoplanets orbiting nearby bright stars. It has identified more than 329 transiting exoplanets, and almost 6000 candidates remain unvalidated. In this manuscript, we discuss the findings from the ongoing Validation of Transiting Exoplanets using Statistical Tools (VaTEST) project, which aims to validate new exoplanets for further characterization. We validated 11 new exoplanets by examining the light curves of 24 candidates using the LATTE and TESS-Plot tools and computing the false-positive probabilities using the statistical validation tool TRICERATOPS. These include planets suitable for atmospheric characterization using transmission spectroscopy (TOI-2194b), emission spectroscopy (TOI-3082b and TOI-5704b) and for both transmission and emission spectroscopy (TOI-672b, TOI-1694b, and TOI-2443b). Our validated planets have one super-Earth (TOI-2194b) orbiting a bright (V = 8.42 mag), metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −0.3720 ± 0.1) star, and one short-period Neptune-like planet (TOI-5704) in the hot-Neptune desert. In total, we validated one super-Earth, seven sub-Neptunes, one Neptune-like, and two sub-Saturn or super-Neptune-like exoplanets. Additionally, we identify five likely planet candidates (TOI-323, TOI-1180, TOI-2200, TOI-2408, and TOI-3913), which can be further studied to establish their planetary nature.

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“…The TKS Collaboration aims to precisely measure the stellar properties of this sample using spectra taken with the High-Resolution Spectrograph (HIRES; Vogt et al 1994) on the Keck I telescope at the W. M. Keck Observatory. These spectra also allow us to dynamically confirm the planetary nature of the TKS TOIs through the measurement of precise radial velocities (RVs), leading to numerous planet discoveries among the TKS team (e.g., Dai et al 2020;Dalba et al 2020;MacDougall et al 2021;Rubenzahl et al 2021;Scarsdale et al 2021;Weiss et al 2021;Dalba et al 2022;Lubin et al 2022;MacDougall et al 2022;Turtelboom et al 2022;Van Zandt et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TESS-Keck Survey. XV. Precise Properties of 108 TESS Planets and Their Host Stars

MacDougall

¹

,

Petigura

²

,

Gilbert

³

et al. 2023

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We present the stellar and planetary properties for 85 TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) hosting 108 planet candidates that compose the TESS-Keck Survey (TKS) sample. We combine photometry, high-resolution spectroscopy, and Gaia parallaxes to measure precise and accurate stellar properties. We then use these parameters as inputs to a light-curve processing pipeline to recover planetary signals and homogeneously fit their transit properties. Among these transit fits, we detect significant transit-timing variations among at least three multiplanet systems (TOI-1136, TOI-1246, TOI-1339) and at least one single-planet system (TOI-1279). We also reduce the uncertainties on planet-to-star radius ratios R p /R ⋆ across our sample, from a median fractional uncertainty of 8.8% among the original TOI Catalog values to 3.0% among our updated results. With this improvement, we are able to recover the Radius Gap among small TKS planets and find that the topology of the Radius Gap among our sample is broadly consistent with that measured among Kepler planets. The stellar and planetary properties presented here will facilitate follow-up investigations of both individual TOIs and broader trends in planet properties, system dynamics, and the evolution of planetary systems.

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“…To date, only a few studies have attempted to estimate the conditional occurrence rate of OG companions to inner small planets (Zhu & Wu 2018;Bryan et al 2019;Rosenthal et al 2022;Van Zandt et al 2023;Bonomo et al 2023), and the connection between the inner and outer systems remains largely unexplored. Our study is unique in that it is the first attempt to discern correlations between the architectures of high-multiplicity inner systems (<1 au) and the giant planets that exist in their outer reaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last system we include is HD 219134, which appears to host six planets (Motalebi et al 2015;Vogt et al 2015, although two of the planets have been debated; Gillon et al 2017). Adopting the six-planet model, the outermost planet orbits with a period of 2100.6 days and a lower limit of 98M ⊕ (Van Zandt et al 2023). The inner system has a low gap complexity comparable to the median of the KGPS systems Notes.…”

Section: Other Exoplanetary Systems With An Outer Giantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a challenging question to address observationally because until recently, there was very little overlap between stars with known transiting planets and stars with long-term RV follow-up. A few studies have attempted to estimate the occurrence of distant giant companions among systems that have close-in small planets (SPs) using Bayesian inference (Zhu & Wu 2018;Bryan et al 2019;Rosenthal et al 2022;Van Zandt et al 2023;Bonomo et al 2023). However, these studies do not address how the multiplanet architectures of the inner (transiting) systems relate to the presence of OG companions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inner Planetary System Gap Complexity is a Predictor of Outer Giant Planets

He

¹

,

Weiss

²

2023

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The connection between inner small planets and outer giant planets is crucial to our understanding of planet formation across a wide range of orbital separations. While Kepler provided a plethora of compact multiplanet systems at short separations (≲1 au), relatively little is known about the occurrence of giant companions at larger separations and how they impact the architectures of the inner systems. Here, we use the catalog of systems from the Kepler Giant Planet Search to study how the architectures of the inner transiting planets correlate with the presence of outer giant planets. We find that for systems with at least three small transiting planets, the distribution of inner-system gap complexity (  ), a measure of the deviation from uniform spacings, appears to differ (p ≲ 0.02) between those with an outer giant planet ( 50 M ⊕ ≤ M p sin i ≤ 13 M Jup ) and those without any outer giants. All four inner systems (with three or more transiting planets) with outer giant(s) have a higher gap complexity (  > 0.32 ) than 79% (19/24) of the inner systems without any outer giants (median  ≃ 0.06 ). This suggests that one can predict the occurrence of outer giant companions by selecting multitransiting systems with highly irregular spacings. We do not find any correlation between the outer giant occurrence and the size (similarity or ordering) patterns of the inner planets. The higher gap complexities of inner systems with an outer giant hints that massive external planets play an important role in the formation and/or disruption of the inner systems.

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TESS-Keck Survey. XIV. Two Giant Exoplanets from the Distant Giants Survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

VaTEST. II. Statistical Validation of 11 TESS-detected Exoplanets Orbiting K-type Stars

VaTEST. II. Statistical Validation of 11 TESS-detected Exoplanets Orbiting K-type Stars

The TESS-Keck Survey. XV. Precise Properties of 108 TESS Planets and Their Host Stars

Inner Planetary System Gap Complexity is a Predictor of Outer Giant Planets

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