TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). II. A 17 Myr Old Transiting Hot Jupiter in the Sco-Cen Association

Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Newton, Elisabeth R.; Mann, Andrew W.; Tofflemire, Benjamin M.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Kraus, Adam L.; Wood, Mackenna L.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Zhou, George; Thao, Pa Chia; Law, Nicholas M.; Ziegler, Carl; Briceño, César

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab94b7

Cited by 99 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Importantly, the predominant population of close-in small planets with R p <2 R ⊕ and those with R P <3 R ⊕ and orbital periods >10 days would not be detectable around either star. Similar injection and recovery exercises of previous analyses (e.g., Newton et al 2019;Rizzuto et al 2020) show similar results, that our detectability for planets smaller than ∼2-3 R ⊕ is only complete at periods shorter than 10 days. Notes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…With the library of all-sky photometry made available by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS; Ricker et al 2016), planets around bright young stars have been identified (e.g., Newton et al 2019;E. R. Newton et al 2020, in preparation;Mann et al 2020;Plavchan et al 2020;Rizzuto et al 2020). These are the first planets around bright young stars that are suitable for in-depth characterizations, enabling the first obliquity measurements of newly formed planets (Montet et al 2020;Zhou et al 2020), as well as atmospheric studies in the near future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two Young Planetary Systems around Field Stars with Ages between 20 and 320 Myr from TESS

Zhou

Quinn

Irwin

et al. 2020

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Zhou et al. Planets around young stars trace the early evolution of planetary systems. We report the discovery and validation of two planetary systems with ages 300 Myr from observations by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. TOI-251 is a 40 − 320 Myr old G star hosting a 2.74 +0.18 −0.18 R ⊕ mini-Neptune with a 4.94 day period. TOI-942 is a 20−160 Myr old K star hosting a system of inflated Neptune-sized planets, with TOI-942b orbiting with a period of 4.32 days, with a radius of 4.81 +0.20 −0.20 R ⊕ , and TOI-942c orbiting in a period of 10.16 days with a radius of 5.79 +0.19 −0.18 R ⊕. Though we cannot place either host star into a known stellar association or cluster, we can estimate their ages via their photometric and spectroscopic properties. Both stars exhibit significant photometric variability due to spot modulation, with measured rotation periods of ∼ 3.5 days. These stars also exhibit significant chromospheric activity, with age estimates from the chromospheric calcium emission lines and X-ray fluxes matching that estimated from gyrochronology. Both stars also exhibit significant lithium absorption, similar in equivalent width to well-characterized young cluster members. TESS has the potential to deliver a population of young planet-bearing field stars, contributing significantly to tracing the properties of planets as a function of their age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Young Planetary Systems around Field Stars with Ages between 20 and 320 Myr from TESS

Zhou

Quinn

Irwin

et al. 2020

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“…This modeling should help identify the regions of parameter space that each mass‐loss mechanism dominates. Further, observations of atmospheric escape for the emerging class of very young planets that are the likely antecedents of mature sub‐Neptune size planets (David, Cody, et al., 2019; David, Petigura, et al., 2019; David et al., 2016; Newton et al., 2019; Plavchan et al., 2020; Rizzuto et al., 2020) offer the hope of distinguishing between the photoevaporative and core‐powered atmospheric loss mechanisms. Ultimately, our quantitative insights into how these planets formed, such as the core‐mass function and how much H/He these planets accreted, depend strongly on the assumed mass‐loss model.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature and Origins of Sub‐Neptune Size Planets

2021

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Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet surveys over the last quarter century. Results from NASA's Kepler mission have revealed a bimodality in the radius distribution of these objects, with a relative underabundance of planets between 1.5 and 2.0 R⊕. This bimodality suggests that sub‐Neptunes are mostly rocky planets that were born with primary atmospheres a few percent by mass accreted from the protoplanetary nebula. Planets above the radius gap were able to retain their atmospheres (“gas‐rich super‐Earths”), while planets below the radius gap lost their atmospheres and are stripped cores (“true super‐Earths”). The mechanism that drives atmospheric loss for these planets remains an outstanding question, with photoevaporation and core‐powered mass loss being the prime candidates. As with the mass‐loss mechanism, there are two contenders for the origins of the solids in sub‐Neptune planets: the migration model involves the growth and migration of embryos from beyond the ice line, while the drift model involves inward‐drifting pebbles that coagulate to form planets close‐in. Atmospheric studies have the potential to break degeneracies in interior structure models and place additional constraints on the origins of these planets. However, most atmospheric characterization efforts have been confounded by aerosols. Observations with upcoming facilities are expected to finally reveal the atmospheric compositions of these worlds, which are arguably the first fundamentally new type of planetary object identified from the study of exoplanets.

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“…The presence of all three planets is supported by the TESS data. Our custom pipeline (Rizzuto et al 2017;Rizzuto et al 2020) identified all three planets, with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 14.8, 13.9, and 10.4 (for planet detection, we typically adopt a threshold of S/N = 7). TOI 451 d was also found at the correct period in the SPOC multi-sector transit search.…”

Section: Time-series Photometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) Survey seeks to identify planets transiting stars in nearby, young, coeval populations. We have validated three systems to date: DS Tuc A b (Newton et al 2019), HIP 67522 b (Rizzuto et al 2020), and HD 63433 b and c (Mann et al 2020). Our work complements the efforts of other groups to discover young exoplanets, such as the Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey (CDIPS; Bouma et al 2019) and the PSF-based Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters project (PATHOS;Nardiello et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). IV. Three Small Planets Orbiting a 120 Myr Old Star in the Pisces–Eridanus Stream*

Newton

Mann

Kraus

et al. 2021

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Young exoplanets can offer insight into the evolution of planetary atmospheres, compositions, and architectures. We present the discovery of the young planetary system TOI 451 (TIC 257605131, Gaia DR2 4844691297067063424). TOI 451 is a member of the 120-Myr-old Pisces-Eridanus stream (Psc-Eri). We confirm membership in the stream with its kinematics, its lithium abundance, and the rotation and UV excesses of both TOI 451 and its wide binary companion, TOI 451 B (itself likely an M dwarf binary). We identified three candidate planets transiting in the TESS data and followed up the signals with photometry from Spitzer and ground-based telescopes. The system comprises three validated planets at periods of 1.9, 9.2 and 16 days, with radii of 1.9, 3.1, and 4.1 R ⊕ , respectively. The host star is near-solar mass with V = 11.0 and H = 9.3 and displays an infrared excess indicative of a debris disk. The planets offer excellent prospects for transmission spectroscopy with HST and JWST, providing the opportunity to study planetary atmospheres that may still be in the process of evolving.

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TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). II. A 17 Myr Old Transiting Hot Jupiter in the Sco-Cen Association

Cited by 99 publications

References 103 publications

Two Young Planetary Systems around Field Stars with Ages between 20 and 320 Myr from TESS

Two Young Planetary Systems around Field Stars with Ages between 20 and 320 Myr from TESS

The Nature and Origins of Sub‐Neptune Size Planets

TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). IV. Three Small Planets Orbiting a 120 Myr Old Star in the Pisces–Eridanus Stream*

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