Terrorism Preparation by Michigan Law Enforcement Agencies

Bailey, Alison C.; Cree, Lisa

doi:10.1007/s12103-011-9126-2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Given these results and others that rely upon proxy measures of distance (Bailey & Cree, 2011), we posit that preparedness within smaller police departments is influenced by physical proximity as well as risk but additional research is necessary with more direct physical proximity measures (see Figure 1). Extending the proposed model further, we argue the relevance of relational proximity.…”

Section: Physical and Relational Proximitymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Half a decade later, Lum and colleagues (2009, p. 102) echoed this concern: "not only do we not have a clear idea of what activities police are engaged in, but there is also a lack of empirical research that documents police activity or scientifically evaluates interventions." To be sure, scholars have produced an increasing number of works advancing our understanding of police homeland security activities (Bailey & Cree, 2011;Bonkiewicz & Ruback, 2010;Burruss, Giblin, & Schafer, 2010;Caruson, MacManus, Kohen, & Watson, 2005;Council of State Governments, 2005;Davis, Mariano, Pace, Cotton, & Steinberg, 2006;Donnermeyer, 2002;Fricker, Jacobson, & Davis, 2002;Gerber, Cohen, Cannon, Patterson, & Stewart, 2005;Jiao & Rhea, 2007;Lum, Haberfeld, Fachner, & Lieberman, 2009;Marion & Cronin, 2009;Ortiz, Hendricks, & Sugie, 2007;Pelfrey, 2007;Randol, in press;Rojek & Smith, 2007;Stewart, 2011;Stewart & Morris, 2009). These studies typically address both the determinants and outcomes of homeland security preparedness, steps taken A STONE'S THROW 369…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Stone’s Throw from the Metropolis: Re-Examining Small-Agency Homeland Security Practices

Giblin¹,

Burruss

Schafer

2012

Justice Quarterly

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Section: Physical and Relational Proximitymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stone’s Throw from the Metropolis: Re-Examining Small-Agency Homeland Security Practices

Giblin¹,

Burruss

Schafer

2012

Justice Quarterly

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“…The persistent threat from terrorism presents an unrelenting demand on campus public safety resources on an international basis (Davis, Mariano, Pace, Cotton, & Steinberg, 2006;Marks & Sun, 2007;Patton & Violanti, 2006, as cited by Bailey & Cree, 2011). An appreciation of the psychological impact of terrorism is best recognized by the complicated and layered redundancy factors required for Homeland Security (HS) preparedness.…”

Section: Terrorism College Police and The Need For A Psychological mentioning

confidence: 99%

Training College Police Officers on PTSD using the DSM-5 as part of an Antiterrorism and Threat Assessment Strategy

Johnson¹

2014

JBIT

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The Virginia Tech Shootings and other acts of gun violence on campuses across the country are painful psychological reminders of the perils for campus police connected with college life in the 21st Century. The clinical forensic problems stemming from these human actions can result in the same character of psychological sequelae (e.g., fears) observed in the wake of a terrorist act. Fear is often a symptom of Post--traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is diagnosed by using a mental disorder assessment and treatment tool known as the Diagnostic Statistical Manual--5 (DSM--5). Threat assessment strategies for college police officers take into consideration the public safety point of view and must be expanded to intervene at multiple points as a violent event unfolds on campus. The DSM--5 provides mental health professionals with a psychologically--relevant, focused threat assessment framework required for collaborative work with college police officers. This paper explores the nexus between threat assessment, antiterrorism, PTSD, and college police officers. The paper reviews ways in which factors that reduce the risk for PTSD can be consistently incorporated into campus police policies (i.e., policy including elements that reduce the risk of PTSD for officers) and into the decisions affecting risk and threat assessment operations related to public safety. As the primary threat assessment and interventionist unit on campus, college police must be sensitized to the need for working collaboratively with other mental health disciplines in assessing for PTSD with a culturally responsive review of PTSD. Implications for crafting an expanded campus terrorism response with a focus on reducing post--traumatic stress reactions in responders, through the preparation of college police officers, are highlighted.

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Police programmes that seek to increase community connectedness for reducing violent extremism behaviour, attitudes and beliefs

Mazerolle

Eggins

Cherney

et al. 2020

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Background Police can play a role in tackling violent extremism through disrupting terrorist plots and by working with communities to identify individuals at risk of radicalisation. Police programmes to tackle violent extremism can involve a range of approaches and partnerships. One approach includes efforts to improve community connectedness by working to address social isolation, belonging, economic opportunities and norms and values that may lead people to endorse or support violent extremist causes and groups. The assumption is that the risk of an individual being radicalised in the community can be reduced when police work in pothe international legal ordersitive ways with community members and groups to mobilise and support activities that help generate a sense of belonging and trust. Police programmes that build a sense of belonging and trust may help ensure individuals are not influenced by activities that violent extremists use to attract support for their cause. Objectives The review aimed to systematically examine whether or not police programmes that seek to promote community connectedness are effective in reducing violent extremist behaviours, attitudes and beliefs. The review also sought to identify whether effectiveness varied by the intervention type and location. Search Methods Using terrorism‐related terms, we searched the Global Policing Database to identify eligible published and unpublished evaluations between January 2002 and December 2018. We supplemented this with comprehensive searches of relevant terrorism and counter‐terrorism websites and research repositories, reference harvesting of eligible and topic‐relevant studies, forward citation searches of eligible studies, hand‐searches of leading journals and consultations with experts. Selection Criteria Eligible studies needed to include an initiative that involved the police, either through police initiation, development, leadership or where the police were receivers of the programme (such as a training programme) or where the police delivered or implemented the intervention. The initiative also needed to be some kind of a strategy, technique, approach, activity, campaign, training, programme, directive or funding/organisational change that involved police in some way to promote community connectedness. Community connectedness was defined as being community consultation, partnership or collaboration with citizens and/or organisational entities. Eligible outcomes included violent extremism, along with radicalisation and disengagement which are considered to be attitudinal and belief‐based components of violent extremism. These outcomes could be measured via self‐report instruments, interviews, observations and/or official data. To be included, studies could utilise individuals, micro‐ or macroplaces as the participants. Finally, studies needed to provide a quantitative impact evaluation that utilised a randomised or quasi‐experimental design with a comparison group that either did not receive the intervention, or that received “b...

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Terrorism Preparation by Michigan Law Enforcement Agencies

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

A Stone’s Throw from the Metropolis: Re-Examining Small-Agency Homeland Security Practices

A Stone’s Throw from the Metropolis: Re-Examining Small-Agency Homeland Security Practices

Training College Police Officers on PTSD using the DSM-5 as part of an Antiterrorism and Threat Assessment Strategy

Police programmes that seek to increase community connectedness for reducing violent extremism behaviour, attitudes and beliefs

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