Terrorism in the Lake Chad Region: Integration of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Oginni, Simon Oyewole; Opoku, Maxwell Peprah; Alupo, Beatrice Atim

doi:10.1080/08865655.2018.1457975

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The risk of future cVDPV2 outbreaks and spread remains high; and as time since the switch to bOPV increases, population immunity to type 2 polio continues to decrease [ 8 , 16 ]. Chad shares borders with countries that recently reported type 2 outbreaks (Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, and Central African Republic), and population movement between these countries and Chad is well documented [ 17 , 18 ]. Exacerbating the situation is the ongoing insecurity due to Boko Haram insurgency resulting in the disruption of vaccination services and population displacement [ 17–19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chad shares borders with countries that recently reported type 2 outbreaks (Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, and Central African Republic), and population movement between these countries and Chad is well documented [ 17 , 18 ]. Exacerbating the situation is the ongoing insecurity due to Boko Haram insurgency resulting in the disruption of vaccination services and population displacement [ 17–19 ]. This increases the chance of cVDP2 importation again into Chad or from Chad into neighboring countries and further international transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey to Assess Serological Prevalence of Poliovirus Antibodies in Areas With High-Risk for Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Transmission in Chad

Gamougam

Jeyaseelan

Jones

et al. 2021

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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Background World Health Organization African region is wild poliovirus-free; however, outbreaks of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) continue to expand across the continent including in Chad. We conducted a serological survey of polio antibodies in polio high-risk areas of Chad to assess population immunity against poliovirus and estimate the risk of future outbreaks. Methods This was a community-based, cross-sectional survey carried out in September 2019. Children between 12 and 59 months were randomly selected using GIS enumeration of structures. Informed consent, demographic and anthropometric data, vaccination history, and blood spots were collected. Seropositivity against all 3 poliovirus serotypes was assessed using a microneutralization assay at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Results Analyzable data were obtained from 236 out of 285 (82.8%) enrolled children. Seroprevalence of polio antibodies for serotypes 1, 2, and 3 was 214/236 (90.7%); 145/236 (61.4%); and 196/236 (86.2%), respectively. For serotype 2, the seroprevalence significantly increased with age (P = .004); chronic malnutrition was a significant risk factor for being type 2-seronegative. Interpretation Poliovirus type 2 seroprevalence in young children was considered insufficient to protect against the spread of paralytic diseases caused by VDPV2. Indeed, VDPV2 outbreaks were reported from Chad in 2019 and 2020. High-quality immunization response to these outbreaks is needed to prevent further spread.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey to Assess Serological Prevalence of Poliovirus Antibodies in Areas With High-Risk for Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Transmission in Chad

Gamougam

Jeyaseelan

Jones

et al. 2021

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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“…Although two rooms were offered to Usman and his family by the community chief, they did not have a work and resident permit. Only refugees who lived in the camp managed by the UNHCR in the neighbouring community were formally recognized by the Cameroon government (Oginni et al, 2020(Oginni et al, , 2021. However, Usman's family and many other refugees interviewed were not recognized as an 'ideal' refugee to gain benefits from the government support because they lived in the city [i.e.…”

Section: Arrival Of Newcomers: Continuity and Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pech & Lakes, 2017). Recently, the border cities in the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) region have become a site of a humanitarian crisis due to a cycle of conflict and fragility (Magrin et al, 2018;Oginni et al, 2020;Ruppel & Funteh, 2019). The violent conflicts with the non-state armed groups initially started in northeast Nigeria in 2009 but later expanded into Cameroon, Niger and Chad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrival or Return? Temporality and Materiality of Transit Sites in Overlapping Displacement Context in Border Cities of the Lake Chad Basin Region

Oginni

2021

Urban Forum

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Since over a decade of conflicts in the Lake Chad Basin region, different measures have been adopted to regulate the mobility of displaced persons in border cities. Mubi—like other transit sites—is both a place of care and control, of incentivization and eviction and of inclusion and exclusion. To nuance these contradictions, I argue that we might have to pay attention to arrival practices in transit sites, particularly the encounter with infrastructures, which are intertwined and profoundly co-constitutive of the displaced persons’ realities. In transit sites, arrival is practised and lived temporally and relationally among the displaced persons, despite the conditions of exile and immobility. Urban infrastructures (such as marketplaces, transit camps and living rooms) transform and enact the strategy adopted by the displaced persons to navigate daily life and to ‘move on’ from conditions of exile and confinement. Moving on, in this sense, is a strategy to overcome the disruption of the temporality of arrival practices from the Nigerian state regulation of mobility through incentivization and encampment policies. I demonstrate that both incentivization and encampment aim towards a common goal, which is to render displaced persons invisible in urban centres while becoming a raw material for capital production. The regulation enables a new form of unplanned spaces to emerge that are hyper-visible and super-precarious at the urban margins. This paper calls for a critical perspective on humanitarian urbanism in the Global South.

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“…Although literatures exist which examine the effectiveness of transitional justice mechanisms in addressing displacement in the Grate Lake Region (see, for example, Clark, 2014; Hovil, 2012), much of those literatures did not focus specifically on the recent displacement affecting the four Lake Chad Basin countries around the Lake area. Some that have attempted to address the topic have either not taken up a specifically transitional justice mandate or have taken up a national rather than regional approach (see, for example, Alobo and Obaji, 2016; Ekpa and Dahlan, 2015; Felbab-Brown, 2018; Oginni et al, 2020; Titilope et al, 2019). Therefore, this study aims to take its cue from the few literatures that highlight this issue from a regional standpoint (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of implementing transitional justice in the Lake Chad Basin and the integration/reintegration of displaced persons

Ibekwe

2021

Asian Journal of Comparative Politics

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This work contributes to the few case studies that have examined the challenges of implementing transitional justice in displacement contexts by using the specific case of the displacement trend in the Conventional Basin of Lake Chad to further underscore the dynamics of the problems involved in the issue. The work finds that lack of commitment to the implementation of regional policy frameworks and also the numerous weaknesses of the demobilization, deradicalization and reintegration (DDR) programmes implemented in the region have all had specific hindrances, especially in the social and political (re)integration of displaced persons in the region. The work therefore calls for more regional efforts that take into account clearer screening methods, accountability measures, as well as the (re)integration of displaced persons in the study area into the wider systems of their various home countries.

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Terrorism in the Lake Chad Region: Integration of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

A Survey to Assess Serological Prevalence of Poliovirus Antibodies in Areas With High-Risk for Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Transmission in Chad

A Survey to Assess Serological Prevalence of Poliovirus Antibodies in Areas With High-Risk for Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Transmission in Chad

Arrival or Return? Temporality and Materiality of Transit Sites in Overlapping Displacement Context in Border Cities of the Lake Chad Basin Region

Challenges of implementing transitional justice in the Lake Chad Basin and the integration/reintegration of displaced persons

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