Terror and Play, Or What Was Hacktivism?

Menciptakan Ruang Siber yang Kondusif bagi Pegiat Anti-Korupsi

“…Merambahnya teror siber ke ranah ruang publik digital ini bukan berarti tanpa dampak apapun, terutama dalam konteks kebebasan untuk berpendapat. Hal ini dapat terjadi ketika proteksi terhadap privasi dan kebebasan berpendapat memiliki celah yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk peretasan dan menjadi akses masuk para teroris siber (Krapp, 2005). Celah ini dapat diakses dengan lebih leluasa melalui keberadaan darknet yang sebenarnya pada awalnya bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi hak berpendapat masyarakat yang berada di bawah rezim pemerintahan yang represif.…”

Current and Emerging Trends in Cyber Operations

“…'Hacktivism' is a controversial term used to describe activities carried out by loosely-affiliated online activists, ranging from harmless online sit-ins to malicious or destructive actions that undermine the security of the Internet as a technical, economic, and political platform (Krapp 2005). More innocuous definitions would characterize hacktivism as expressive politics, free speech, human rights, information ethics, information liberation, or electronic direct action toward social change by combining programming skills with critical thinking (Krapp 2005).…”

“…More innocuous definitions would characterize hacktivism as expressive politics, free speech, human rights, information ethics, information liberation, or electronic direct action toward social change by combining programming skills with critical thinking (Krapp 2005). However, hacktivism more frequently involves actions such as use of malicious software, defacement of websites, construction of false-mirror sites, and diversion of web traffic, or flooding of servers with distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks (Krapp 2005).…”

Cyberwar: A new frontier for political geography

“…Some protest that governments have exaggerated the threat of cyberattacks (Hersh, 2010;Krapp, 2005;Stohl et al, 2008). Similarly, Rid (2012) argues that cyberwar has not taken place and is unlikely to do so in the future, as cyberattacks are simply extensions of long-used instruments of war such as espionage and sabotage.…”