Terrestrial isopods associated with shallow underground of forested scree slopes in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia)

Udy, Ján; Rendoš, Michal; Ľuptáčik, Peter; Mock, Andrej

doi:10.3897/zookeys.801.24113

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For millipedes, traps with ethylene glycol show much higher efficiency in comparison to those with formaldehyde. This is consistent with other studies referring to the effectiveness of fixative solutions on some invertebrates in forested scree slopes (Rendoš et al 2014(Rendoš et al , 2016aMock et al 2015;Rudy et al 2018;Jureková et al 2019). This phenomenon seems to be caused by the repellent effect of formaldehyde solution on some species, observed by several authors (e.g., Renner 1982;Gerlach et al 2009;Rendoš et al 2016a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The study of deeper layers of forested scree slopes reveals that refugia of rare fauna add another dimension of environmental heterogeneity affecting overall biodiversity. Rather numerous studies on the ecology of various groups of fauna in MSS in Europe were conducted (reviewed in Mammola et al 2018), some of them focusing on scree slopes of Slovakia and the Czech Republic (Růžička and Klimeš 2005;Laška et al 2011;Rendoš et al 2012Rendoš et al , 2014Rendoš et al , 2016aMock et al 2015;Růžička and Dolanský 2016;Rudy et al 2018;Jakšová et al 2019;Jureková et al 2019). Subterranean diversity of Myriapoda inhabiting underground of scree slopes has been investigated as well (Nitzu et al 1999;Ilie 2003aIlie , 2003bRendoš et al 2012Rendoš et al , 2016aJiménez-Valverde et al 2015;Mock et al 2015;Tuf et al 2017); some studies even have described new myriapod taxa (e.g., Stoev 2008;Gilgado et al 2015;Akkari et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe

Haľková

Tuf

Tajovský

et al. 2020

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The shallow underground of rock debris is a unique animal refuge. Nevertheless, the research of this habitat lags far behind the study of caves and soil, due to technical and time-consuming demands. Data on Myriapoda in scree habitat from eleven localities in seven different geomorphological units of the Czech and Slovak Republics were processed. Based on previous studies, as well as knowledge of cave and soil fauna, it was hypothesised that the occurrence of a varied and peculiar fauna would show a pattern of depth distribution with variations due to local specificities. From 2005–2016 (at least one year on each site), macrofauna was collected via sets of three long-term exposed subterranean traps consisting of 110 cm long perforated tube, with ten cups located in a gradient at 5–95 cm below the soil surface. In total, 14 symphylans (not identified to species level), 271 centipedes (23 spp.) and 572 millipedes (32 spp.) were sampled. The overall depth distribution of centipedes and millipedes appeared to have relatively similar pattern, with both groups being found at all depth levels. Nevertheless, this pattern depends on locations. The depth distribution trend lines are mostly in the form of an asymmetric ‘U’, with decreased abundance until the middle of the gradient, followed by increase in the deepest levels. Epigeic species were sporadically distributed along the whole depth gradient, but concentrated at the soil surface, while some subterranean species, such as the centipede Lithobius lucifugus and the millipedes Geoglomeris subterranea, Cibiniulus slovacus and Archiboreoiulus pallidus, were recorded in the deepest parts of the gradient. This characterises the debris community as a mixture of soil and subterranean species with an absence of species exclusively found in caves. The use of different fixation methods in traps had a significant and selective impact on samples; millipedes were either attracted by ethylene glycol or repelled by formaldehyde. Centipedes were also captured more frequently in ethylene glycol; however, the species composition varied in each of the fixatives. Depth distribution of myriapods was similar in both fixative solutions. Traps with these fixatives could be recommended for similar ecological studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe

Haľková

Tuf

Tajovský

et al. 2020

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“…However, they used a different type of pitfall traps, which were monitored for shorter period than one year. In Slovakia, several studies on Arthropoda from MSS habitats have been published (Rendoš et al 2012(Rendoš et al , 2014(Rendoš et al , 2016a(Rendoš et al , 2016bMock et al 2015;Rudy et al 2018;Jureková et al 2019), but the present study is the first one on Oribatida. Here we provide data on oribatid communities inhabiting 1m-deep profile of screes in 10 cm stratification gained during a one-year period at five sites differing in microclimate, soil parameters and bedrock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Distribution of Oribatida (Acari) along a depth gradient in forested scree slopes

Jakšová¹,

Ľuptáčik²,

Miklisová³

2019

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Mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) of scree slopes constitutes a transition habitat between the soil and the network of voids in the vadose zone of a bedrock massif. In the present study, the vertical distribution of oribatid communities along a depth of 95 cm was studied at five forested MSS sites in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. The sites differed in type of bedrock, topography and gradient of the microclimate and nutrients content. In all, 909 specimens were captured in subterranean traps exposed for one year. Most Oribatida represented edaphic forms, and their presence in the depth profile of the screes was accidental. Pantelozetes cavatica (Kunst, 1962) was the only species closely linked to deep subterranean environments found in the deeper part of the single limestone site studied. Species richness and the activity of oribatids along the scree profile at the sites clearly reflected the content of organic carbon in the soil substratum. The communities had very low numbers of individuals and low species richness at three sites with soil pH < 7 and organic carbon content in the upper soil layer ≤ 10%. However, they differed markedly in internal temperature dynamics. The other two sites, with a slightly alkaline soil pH and a higher carbon content, showed distinctly higher activity and a relatively uniform pattern of oribatid distribution across the depth profile. The soil pH and organic carbon content in the topsoil layer were substantial factors that determined the Oribatida diversity and vertical distribution in the forested screes.

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“…The traditional morphology-based taxonomic classification and identification of isopods is further (aside from the speciosity) hampered by great intraspecific morphological variation, sexual dimorphism, sequential hermaphroditism, relatively flexible host preference, and global distribution of many species (Joca, Leray, Zigler, & Brusca, 2015; L. S. F. Lins, Ho, Wilson, & Lo, 2012; Luana S.F. Lins, Ho, & Lo, 2017; Rudy, Rendoš, Luptáčik, & Mock, 2018; Shen et al, 2017; Wetzer, 2002; George D.F. Wilson, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial architecture rearrangements produce asymmetrical nonadaptive mutational pressures that subvert the phylogenetic reconstruction in Isopoda

Zhang

Zou

Hua

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The phylogeny of Isopoda, a speciose order of crustaceans, remains unresolved, with different datasets often producing starkly incongruent phylogenetic hypotheses. We hypothesised that extreme diversity in their life histories might be causing compositional heterogeneity/heterotachy in their mitochondrial genomes, and compromising the phylogenetic reconstruction. We tested the effects of different datasets (mitochondrial, nuclear, nucleotides, amino acids, concatenated genes, individual genes, gene orders), phylogenetic algorithms (assuming data homogeneity, heterogeneity, and heterotachy), and partitioning; and found that almost all of them produced unique topologies. As we also found that mitogenomes of Asellota and two Cymothoida families (Cymothoidae and Corallanidae) possess inversed base (GC) skew patterns in comparison to other isopods, we concluded that inverted skews cause long-branch attraction phylogenetic artefacts between these taxa. These asymmetrical skews are most likely driven by multiple independent inversions of origin of replication (i.e., nonadaptive mutational pressures). Although the PhyloBayes CAT-GTR algorithm managed to attenuate some of these artefacts (and outperform partitioning), mitochondrial data have limited applicability for reconstructing the phylogeny of Isopoda. Regardless of this, our analyses allowed us to propose solutions to some unresolved phylogenetic debates, and support Asellota are the most likely candidate for the basal isopod branch. As our findings show that architectural rearrangements can produce major compositional biases even on short evolutionary timescales, the implications are that proving the suitability of data via composition skew analyses should be a prerequisite for every study that aims to use mitochondrial data for phylogenetic reconstruction, even among closely related taxa.

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Terrestrial isopods associated with shallow underground of forested scree slopes in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia)

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe

Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe

Distribution of Oribatida (Acari) along a depth gradient in forested scree slopes

Mitochondrial architecture rearrangements produce asymmetrical nonadaptive mutational pressures that subvert the phylogenetic reconstruction in Isopoda

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