Terrestrial geochemistry of Cd, Bi, Tl, Pb, Zn and Rb

Heinrichs, Hartmut; Schulz-Dobrick, B.; Wedepohl, K. H.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(80)90116-7

Cited by 203 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The significant correlations between Tl and K, Rb, Pb and Bi were also observed (Heinrichs et al, 1980). as major host mineral whereas the group (c) is associated with the dioctahedral mica as a host.…”

Section: Distribution Of Thallium In Various Rocksmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The high thallium-accumulating plants in food crops, such as green cabbage and rape, have an important environmental significance, since thallium can be transferred from the food chain to affect the health of humans. Shaw, 1952Heinrichs et al, 1980Voskresenskaya et al, 1962Heinrichs et al, 1980Chen et al, 1996Shaw, 1952Heinrichs et al, 1980Shaw, 1952Nuriyev and Dzhabbarova, 1973Nuriyev and Dzhabbarova, 1973Shaw, 1952Shaw, 1952Shaw, 1952Brooks et al, 1960;Brook and Ahrens, 1961Heinrichs et al, 1980Heinrichs et al, 1980Heinrichs et al, 1980Shaw, 1952Voskresenskaya et al, 1962Shaw, 1952Heinrichs et al, 1980Heinrichs et al, 1980Heinrichs et al, 1980Valiyev et al, 1984Chen et al, 1996 Hoffmann and Knill, 1996 Reference Heinrichs et al, 1980Heinrichs et al, 1980Marowsky and Wedepohl, 1971Heinrichs et ah, 1980Heinrichs et al, 1980Shaw, 1952Heinrichs et al, 1980Ahrensetal., 1967Iskowitz et al, 1982Iskowitz et al, 1982Iskowitz et al, 1982 Table 4-7 Average abundance of Tl, K and Rb in crustal units and the upper mantle (Heinrichs et al, 1980) Sedimentary rocks Magmatic rocks in upper continental crust Metamorphic rocks in upper continental crust Upper continental crust Lower continental crust Continental crust (average) Canadian shield ...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is to be expected from its partition coefficients for the silicates in gneisses, etc., and a related granitic melt. (Heinrichs et al, 1980).…”

Section: Distribution Of Thallium In Various Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the data of 2000 magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks samples and rock-forming minerals of the Earth's crust and the upper mantle, Heinrichs et al (1980) computed the average abundance of thallium and other related metals ( …”

Section: Distribution Of Thallium In Various Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Heinrichs et al (1980), the average concentration of thallium in the common metamorphic rocks is 0.653 ppm. Granites contain more than twice the amount of Tl than upper crustal metamorphic rocks.…”

Section: Distribution Of Thallium In Various Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental impact of thallium related to the mercury-thallium-gold mineralization in southwest Guizhou Province China

Xiao¹

2001

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Toxic metals associated with metal mineralization and mining are critical targets for environmental studies. Thallium, as a typical toxic metal, has received less attention from a geo-environmental perspective since thallium deposits are relatively rare.This study focuses on natural accumulation of thallium associated with Hg-Tl-(Au) mineralization in the Lanmuchang area in southwest Guizhou Province, China, as a case study for thallium hazard in a geo-environmental perspective. It aims at understanding of the occurrence, the transfer processes and the environmental impacts of thallium related to natural processes and human activity. The distribution and dispersion of thallium together with mercury and arsenic in bedrock, sulfide ore, coals, soil, sediment, ground and surface waters, crops and vegetation have been examined.This study shows that the Lanmuchang area can be characterized as a specific geological context of thallium, mercury and arsenic accumulations. The extensive occurrences of sulfide minerals, such as lorandite, cinnabar, realgar, orpiment and pyrite are the primary carriers of Tl, Hg and As in the rocks and ores. Thallium occurs either as isomorphous substitution in the structure of sulfide minerals of mercury ores, arsenic ores coals, or as a pure thallium mineral lorandite.Tl, Hg and As accumulations are characterized by their high concentrations in rocks/ores, soils, sediments, (sub)surface waters and various crops. The range of thallium concentrations are 33-35000 ppm in sulfide ores, 12-46 ppm in coals, 33-490 ppm in host rocks, 25-1100 ppm in secondary minerals, and 6-330 ppm in outcropped host rocks. Thallium concentrations in soils in the mineralized area range from 53 to 282 ppm, from 21 to 100 ppm in alluvial deposits or foundation soils, from 40 to 46 ppm in slope wash material, and from 2.2 to 29 ppm in undisturbed natural soil. A high concentration has also been observed in sediments, ranging from 10 to 3700 ppm. Thallium concentrations are also high in the deep groundwater of the thallium-mineralized area (13.4-1102 \lg/\), decreasing away from the area to a background level of less than 0.005 |ig/l. In stream water, thallium concentration ranges from 0.3 to 33 jig/1, with marked high contents in downstream sections which likely originated from an unidentified groundwater discharge. In the edible parts of various vegetables and cereals, thallium ranges from 0.21 to 494 ppm (dry weight). The uptake of thallium is more pronounced in vegetables than in cereals, and the highest accumulation occurs in green cabbage.The dispersion of thallium together with mercury and arsenic in the specific ecosystem of Lanmuchang is constrained by the original Tl-Hg-As sulfide mineralization, the specific topography and hydro-geomorphology, and by the disturbance of human activity. High values of thallium are concentrated in the mineralized and mining area; away from this area, thallium concentrations decreases gradually to a background level. Thallium from bedrocks is accumulated in soils, se...

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Section: Distribution Of Thallium In Various Rocksmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is to be expected from its partition coefficients for the silicates in gneisses, etc., and a related granitic melt. (Heinrichs et al, 1980).…”

Section: Distribution Of Thallium In Various Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Thallium In Various Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Thallium In Various Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Environmental impact of thallium related to the mercury-thallium-gold mineralization in southwest Guizhou Province China

Xiao¹

2001

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Chalcophile behavior of thallium during MORB melting and implications for the sulfur content of the mantle

Nielsen

Shimizu

Lee

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We present new laser ablation ICP-MS trace element concentration data for 28 elements in 97 mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses that cover all major spreading centers as well as Tl concentration data for all mineral phases in five lherzolites from the Lherz massif, France. The ratio between the elements thallium (Tl) and cerium (Ce) is nearly constant in MORB, providing evidence that the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) has uniform Ce/Tl. Lherzolite mineral data reveal that sulfides are heterogeneous and contain between 23 and 430 ng/g of Tl while all other minerals contain Tl below the analytical detection limit of 1 ng/g. We argue that Tl in MORB is controlled by residual sulfide during mantle melting. To investigate the observed relationship between Tl and Ce, we conduct models of fractional mantle melting, which show that the constant Ce/Tl in MORB is only reproduced if the ratio between clinopyroxene and sulfide in the upper mantle varies by less than 10%. In addition, the rate of melting for these two phases must be nearly identical as otherwise melt depletion and refertilization processes would lead to Ce/Tl fractionation. These model results allow us to establish a relationship for the sulfur content of DMM: [S] DMM 5 SCSS 3 M cpx =R cpx , where SCSS is the sulfur concentration of a silicate melt at sulfide saturation, R cpx is the melt reaction coefficient, and M cpx is the modal abundance of clinopyroxene in the DMM. Using this equation, we calculate that the average upper mantle sulfur concentration is 195 6 45 lg/g.

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Zinc and germanium in the sedimentary rocks of Gale Crater on Mars indicate hydrothermal enrichment followed by diagenetic fractionation

et al. 2017

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Zinc and germanium enrichments have been discovered in sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, by the Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer on the rover Curiosity. Concentrations of Zn (910 ± 840 ppm) and Ge (65 ± 58 ppm) are tens to hundreds of times greater than in Martian meteorites and estimates for average silicate Mars. Enrichments occur in diverse rocks including minimally to extensively altered basaltic and alkalic sedimentary rocks. The magnitude of the enrichments indicates hydrothermal fluids, but Curiosity has not discovered unambiguous hydrothermal mineral assemblages. We propose that Zn‐ and Ge‐rich hydrothermal deposits in the source region were dispersed in siliciclastic sediments during transport into the crater. Subsequent diagenetic mobilization and fractionation of Zn and Ge is evident in a Zn‐rich sandstone (Windjana; Zn ~4000 ppm, Ge ~85 ppm) and associated Cl‐rich vein (Stephen; Zn ~8000 ppm, Ge ~60 ppm), in Ge‐rich veins (Garden City; Zn ~2200 ppm, Ge ~650 ppm), and in silica‐rich alteration haloes leached of Zn (30–200 ppm). In moderately to highly altered silica‐rich rocks, Ge remained immobile relative to leached elements (Fe, Mn, Mg, and Ca), consistent with fluid interaction at pH ≪ 7. In contrast, crosscutting Ge‐rich veins at Garden City suggest aqueous mobilization as Ge‐F complexes at pH < 2.5. Multiple jarosite detections by the CheMin X‐ray diffractometer and variable Zn concentrations indicate diagenesis of lower Mount Sharp bedrock under acidic conditions. The enrichment and fractionation of Zn and Ge constrains fluid events affecting Gale sediments and can aid in unraveling fluid histories as Curiosity's traverse continues.

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Terrestrial geochemistry of Cd, Bi, Tl, Pb, Zn and Rb

Cited by 203 publications

References 34 publications

Environmental impact of thallium related to the mercury-thallium-gold mineralization in southwest Guizhou Province China

Environmental impact of thallium related to the mercury-thallium-gold mineralization in southwest Guizhou Province China

Chalcophile behavior of thallium during MORB melting and implications for the sulfur content of the mantle

Zinc and germanium in the sedimentary rocks of Gale Crater on Mars indicate hydrothermal enrichment followed by diagenetic fractionation

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