Terrestrial Evaporation and Moisture Drainage in a Warmer Climate

Gianotti, Daniel J. Short; Akbar, Ruzbeh; Feldman, Andrew F.; Salvucci, Guido D.; Entekhabi, Dara

doi:10.1029/2019gl086498

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…A warming climate is expected to have a significant influence on water storage and consequently, on worldwide water availability 4,5 . Evaporation occupies an extremely important position in the hydrological cycle and is closely related to the amount of surface water and energy balance 6,7 . Increased evapotranspiration could lead to decreased surface and subsurface runoff, decreased groundwater storage and consequently, to water management issues 8 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the variation in potential evapotranspiration and surface wet conditions in the Hancang River Basin, China

Zhang

Wang

2021

Sci Rep

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Evapotranspiration is an important component of the water cycle, and possible trends in evapotranspiration can, among others, influence water management and agricultural production. Potential evapotranspiration (ETp) is a measure of the ability of the atmosphere to remove water from the surface through the processes of evaporation and transpiration. It plays an important role in assessing regional dry–wet conditions and variations in meteorological conditions. This study analyzed the change trends of monthly ETp and surface dryness and wetness in the Hancang River Basin and, through principal component analysis and correlation analysis, explored the main meteorological factors that affected ETp and the interactions between meteorological factors; ETp values were estimated using the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method. The results showed that there was a large gap in ETp between different months in the Hancang River Basin, with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing within a year. The highest monthly evapotranspiration was 114.119 mm (July), and the lowest was 42.761 mm (January). The maximum relative humidity index was 0.822 (August), and the minimum was -0.979 (January). The average temperature, precipitation, average relative humidity, and solar radiation are positive factors that affect ETp, while average air pressure is a negative factor that affects ETp. This study provides a reference for the wet conditions of small watersheds and for countermeasures to address climate change.

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the variation in potential evapotranspiration and surface wet conditions in the Hancang River Basin, China

Zhang

Wang

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Byrne and O'Gorman 2015). P − E responses to warming on land are smaller, less well understood, and complicated by the uncertain impact of the intensification of precipitation on terrestrial water budgets (Short Gianotti et al 2020, Zhou et al 2021. Understanding hydrological responses to climate change is especially challenging in large endorheic basins in Africa with a complex hydrology that varies from humid uplands to dryland termini; these include the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) as well as the Rivers Awash (Kebede et al 2021) and Okavango (Wolski et al 2014) basins.…”

Section: Renewability Of Groundwater In Tropical Drylands Under Global Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater recharge from heavy rainfall in the southwestern Lake Chad Basin: evidence from isotopic observations

Goni

Taylor

Favreau

et al. 2021

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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We examine groundwater recharge processes and their relationship to rainfall intensity in the semi-arid, southwestern Lake Chad Basin of Nigeria using a newly compiled database of stable isotope data (δ 2 H, δ 18 O) from groundwater and rainfall. δ 18 O signatures in groundwater proximate to surface waters are enriched in 18 O relative to regional rainfall and trace focused groundwater recharge from evaporated waters via ephemeral river discharge and Lake Chad; groundwater remote from river channels is comparatively depleted and associated with diffuse recharge, often via sand dunes. Stable isotope ratios of O and H (δ 2 H, δ 18 O) in groundwater samples regress to a value along the local meteoric waterline that is depleted relative to weighted mean composition of rainfall, consistent with rainfall exceeding the 60 th percentile of monthly precipitation intensity. The observed bias in groundwater recharge to heavy monthly rainfall suggests that the intensification of tropical rainfall under global warming favours groundwater recharge in this basin.

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“…Surface evaporation, for example, integrates the bare soil and plant physiological responses to environmental conditions, which all show distinct behavior under nominal and stressed conditions (Katul et al., 2012). Evaporation changes can also indicate shifts in other fluxes on the land surface, such as drainage to streamflow and groundwater reservoirs (Short Gianotti et al., 2020). Furthermore, through their role in the terrestrial energy cycle, latent and sensible heat fluxes directly influence the surface temperature state and the lower atmospheric conditions as well as provide a source of feedback between the land and atmosphere (Gentine et al., 2019; Santanello et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed Landscape Responsiveness to Climate Forcing

Feldman

Gianotti

Trigo

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

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Climate variability and change shift environmental conditions on global land surfaces, creating uncertainties in predicting hydrologic flows, crop yields, and land carbon uptake. Land surfaces can present varying degrees of inertia to atmospheric forcing variability (e.g., precipitation). This study asks: are regions with the most variable environmental forcing necessarily the regions with the largest land surface variability? Specifically, it seeks to determine why land surfaces show varying responsiveness to environmental forcing. The degree to which and the mechanisms for how landscapes modulate the forcing are evaluated using a decade‐long satellite observation record of Africa's diverse climates. Surface responsiveness is quantified using intra‐seasonal energy flux variability, based on the observed diurnal temperature amplitude. We map the responsiveness and analyze the underlying mechanisms over intra‐seasonal timescales (especially interstorms). We show that, at a location, land surface responsiveness is dependent on the soil moisture distribution and the nonlinear relationship between energy fluxes and soil moisture. Land surfaces with greater responsiveness to climate are those with soil moisture distributions that span the threshold between evaporation regimes and spend most of their time in the water‐limited regime. Consequently, surface responsiveness mechanisms drive land surface variability beyond high climatic variability. Since we find these results to hold from intra‐seasonal to interannual timescales, we expect that these responsive regions will be most vulnerable to long‐term shifts in climate forcing. The quantification of these phenomena and determination of their geographic distributions based on observations can help assess land surface models used to evaluate hydrologic consequences of climate change.

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Terrestrial Evaporation and Moisture Drainage in a Warmer Climate

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Analysis of the variation in potential evapotranspiration and surface wet conditions in the Hancang River Basin, China

Analysis of the variation in potential evapotranspiration and surface wet conditions in the Hancang River Basin, China

Groundwater recharge from heavy rainfall in the southwestern Lake Chad Basin: evidence from isotopic observations

Observed Landscape Responsiveness to Climate Forcing

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