Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system

Arneth, Almut; Harrison, Sandy P.; Zaehle, Sönke; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Menon, Surabi; Bartlein, Patrick J.; Feichter, J.; Korhola, Atte; Kulmala, Markku; O’Donnell, Declan; Schurgers, Guy; Sorvari, Sanna; Vesala, Timo

doi:10.1038/ngeo905

Cited by 523 publications

(420 citation statements)

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“…Fire tracks the climate changes in a predictable way that is consistent with known climatic controls on biomass burning (see also [Arneth et al, 2010;Daniau et al, 2010b;Marlon et al, 2009]). The major component of variability in biomass burning over the past 21 kyr reflects the shift from globally cold/glacial to warm/interglacial conditions.…”

Section: Implications Of the Paleo-record Of Firementioning

confidence: 75%

Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes

Daniau

2012

Quaternary International

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[1] Climate is an important control on biomass burning, but the sensitivity of fire to changes in temperature and moisture balance has not been quantified. We analyze sedimentary charcoal records to show that the changes in fire regime over the past 21,000 yrs are predictable from changes in regional climates. Analyses of paleo-fire data show that fire increases monotonically with changes in temperature and peaks at intermediate moisture levels, and that temperature is quantitatively the most important driver of changes in biomass burning over the past 21,000 yrs. Given that a similar relationship between climate drivers and fire emerges from analyses of the interannual variability in biomass burning shown by remote-sensing observations of month-by-month burnt area between 1996 and 2008, our results signal a serious cause for concern in the face of continuing global warming. , et al. (2012), Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 26, GB4007,

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Section: Implications Of the Paleo-record Of Firementioning

confidence: 75%

Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes

Daniau

2012

Quaternary International

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“…Changes in global surface temperature caused by the previously described RFs of LULCC and non-LULCC activities lead to a response in carbon uptake by the terrestrial biosphere and the ocean (Mahowald, 2011;Arneth et al, 2010). Moreover, aerosols affect vegetation by redistributing precipitation and changing the ratio of diffuse to direct radiation incident on the surface.…”

Section: B7 Biogeochemical and Carbon-climate Feedbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential climate forcing of land use and land cover change

2014

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Abstract. Pressure on land resources is expected to increase as global population continues to climb and the world becomes more affluent, swelling the demand for food. Changing climate may exert additional pressures on natural lands as present-day productive regions may shift, or soil quality may degrade, and the recent rise in demand for biofuels increases competition with edible crops for arable land. Given these projected trends there is a need to understand the global climate impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC). Here we quantify the climate impacts of global LULCC in terms of modifications to the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation at the top of the atmosphere (radiative forcing, RF) that are caused by changes in long-lived and short-lived greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol effects, and land surface albedo. We attribute historical changes in terrestrial carbon storage, global fire emissions, secondary organic aerosol emissions, and surface albedo to LULCC using simulations with the Community Land Model version 3.5. These LULCC emissions are combined with estimates of agricultural emissions of important trace gases and mineral dust in two sets of Community Atmosphere Model simulations to calculate the RF of changes in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol concentrations attributed to LULCC. With all forcing agents considered together, we show that 40 % (±16 %) of the present-day anthropogenic RF can be attributed to LULCC. Changes in the emission of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases and aerosols from LULCC enhance the total LULCC RF by a factor of 2 to 3 with respect to the LULCC RF from CO 2 alone. This enhancement factor also applies to projected LULCC RF, which we compute for four future scenarios associated with the Representative Concentration Pathways. We attribute total RFs between 0.9 and 1.9 W m −2 to LULCC for the year 2100 (relative to a preindustrial state). To place an upper bound on the potential of LULCC to alter the global radiation budget, we include a fifth scenario in which all arable land is cultivated by 2100. This theoretical extreme case leads to a LULCC RF of 3.9 W m −2 (±0.9 W m −2 ), suggesting that not only energy policy but also land policy is necessary to minimize future increases in RF and associated climate changes.

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“…It has been found that the varying CO 2 exchanges between atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere is the main driver of the observed atmospheric CO 2 cycle, including its seasonal cycle and inter-annual variations (Friend et al, 2007;Arneth et al, 2010). This effect has been linked to changes in temperate, boreal and arctic ecosystem properties and processes such as enhanced photosynthesis, increased heterotrophic respiration, and expansion of woody vegetation (Piao et al, 2008;Barichivich et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and variation of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over terrestrial ecosystems as derived from eddy covariance measurements

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sAtmospheric CO 2 concentration over terrestrial ecosystems (ACTE) was analyzed. ACTE was higher by 9.0 ppm in winter and lower 2.1 ppm in summer than global means. Annual mean and seasonal amplitude of ACTE increased with 2.04 and 0.60 ppm yr À1 . The annual CO 2 concentration showed large variation among ecosystems. a r t i c l e i n f o (CO 2 ) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas contributing to global climate change. Understanding the temporal and spatial variations of CO 2 concentration over terrestrial ecosystems provides additional insight into global atmospheric variability of CO 2 concentration. Using 355 site-years of CO 2 concentration observations at 104 eddy-covariance flux tower sites in Northern Hemisphere, we presented a comprehensive analysis of evolution and variation of atmospheric CO 2 concentration over terrestrial ecosystem (ACTE) for the period of 1997e2006. Our results showed that ACTE exhibited a strong seasonal variations, with an average seaonsal amplitude (peak-trough difference) of 14.8 ppm, which was approximately threefold that global mean CO 2 observed in Mauna Loa in the United States (MLO). The seasonal variation of CO 2 were mostly dominant by terrestrial carbon fluxes, i.e., net ecosystem procution (NEP) and gross primary produciton (GPP), with correlation coefficient(r) were À0.55 and À0.60 for NEP and GPP, respectively. However, the influence of carbon fluxes on CO 2 were not significant at interannual scale, which implyed that the inter-annual changing trends of atmospheric CO 2 in Northern Hemisphere were likely to depend more on anthropogenic CO 2 emissions sources than on ecosystem change. It was estimated, by fitting a harmonic model to monthly-mean ACTE, that both annual mean and seasonal amplitude of ACTE increased over the 10-year period at rates of 2.04 and 0.60 ppm yr À1 , respectively. The uptrend of annual ACTE could be attributed to the dramatic global increase of CO 2 emissions during the study period, whereas the increasing amplitude could be related to the increases in Northern Hemisphere biospheric activity. This study also found that the annual CO 2 concentration showed large variation among ecosystems, with the high value appeared in deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen broadleaf forest and cropland. We attribute these discrepancies to both differential local anthropogenic impacts and carbon sequestration abilities across ecosystem types.

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Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system

Cited by 523 publications

References 100 publications

Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes

Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes

Potential climate forcing of land use and land cover change

Evolution and variation of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over terrestrial ecosystems as derived from eddy covariance measurements

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