Terrain mapping from aerial photography for purposes of vehicle mobility

Physical-geographic factors of terrain trafficability of military vehicles according to Western World methodologies

“…The presence of vegetation slows the movement of the vehicle, and forest vegetation can completely disable the movement of all types of vehicles. The main focus of research of forest vegetation includes attributes related to the diameter of the trees at the breast height (1.35 meters) and spacing between trees (Leighty, 1965;Messmore et al, 1981;Shoop, 1993). While modelling vehicle terrain trafficability, the possibility of manoeuvring between the trees is the first determination that must be made.…”

“…Vegetacija ili biljni pokrov zemljišta svojom prisutnošću usporava pokret vozila, dok šumska vegetacija može i u potpunosti onemogućiti pokret svih vrsta vozila. Osnovni fokus istraživanja šumskoga pokrova obuhvaća atribute vezane uz promjer stabala na prsnoj visini (1,35 m) i njihov međusobni razmak (Leighty, 1965;Messmore i dr., 1981;Shoop, 1993). Prilikom modeliranja terenske prohodnosti vozila prvotno se razmatra mogućnost manevriranja između stabala, a uslijed prevelike gustoće stabala mogućnost njihova rušenja vozilom (Haley i dr., 1979a;Pearson i Wright, 1980;Messmore i dr., 1981;Terrain Analysis, 1990;Ahlvin i Haley, 1992;Mason i dr., 2012).…”

“…) raphy, and interpretation of aero-photogrammetric and satellite images. The interpretation of the results required a multidisciplinary team of experts who possessed knowledge of the fields of geodesy, topography, geology, hydrology, soil mechanics, forestry, and ecology (Leighty, 1965;Production of Cross-Country, 1959). Prior to the introduction of computer systems, basic input data were analogue topographic maps, geological maps, pedological maps, and aerial photogrammetric surveys.…”

“…Research methodology using applied open source data was performed by Kourdian (2009), who made područja kartografije, topografije i interpretacije aerofotogrametrijskih i satelitskih snimaka. Interpretacija rezultata zahtijevala je multidisciplinarni tim stručnjaka sa znanjem iz područja geodezije, topografije, geologije, hidrologije, mehanike tla, šumarstva i ekologije (Leighty, 1965;Production of Cross-Country, 1959). Prije pojave računalnih sustava osnovni ulazni podaci bile su analogne topografske karte, geološke karte, pedološke karte te aerofotogrametrijske snimke.…”

“…Campbell (2012), Dawkins (2011), Gustafsson and Hägerstrand (2005), Kirkland (1981), Kristalova (2015), Mohamad Rabab (2002), Mohtashami et al (2012) and Rybansky et al (2015) used high resolution satellite images and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) recordings in order to implement high accuracy and precision data in their research, which gave DMR and vegetation cover data greater accuracy (Andersen et al, 2003). It should be emphasised that remote sensing data analysis cannot achieve complete detail and reliability in terms of data (Leighty, 1965;Kruse et al, 2000;Wawer et al, 2003), and vegetation and soil data cannot be collected without direct verification in the field (Laskey et al, 2010). Other authors have used the results of remote sensing mostly as secondary sources of information, increasing the credibility of a data source obtained from laboratory analysis or measurements taken on the ground.…”