Terpolymers for modifying the performance properties of engine oil

Abstract

Nine terpolymers consisting of (jojoba: alkylacrylate: a-olefins) backbone were synthesized via free radical chain addition polymerization and determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography, for determination of weight average molecular weight. The alkylacrylates used were (dodecylacrylate, tetradecylacrylate and hexadecylacrylate), while a-olefins used were (dodecene, tetradecene and hexadecane). The monomers' ratio used for polymerization was (1:1:1). It was found that the molecular weight increases with increasing the alkyl chain length of both alkylacrylate and a-olefins used. The thermal stability of the synthesized terpolymers was determined using thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The prepared polymers were evaluated as performance modifiers (viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants) for free additives lube oil (SAE-30). It was found that the viscosity index increases with increasing the alkyl chain length, molecular weight and concentration of used terpolymer. The effect of the prepared terpolymers on the pour point of lube oil was studied and it was found that the pour point of lube decreases (more negative) with decreasing the alkyl chain length of both alkylacrylate and a-olefin used.

Functionalized polyethylene on property enhancement of lubricating oil and their performance evaluation study

“…Variation of VI is based on the polymer–oil interaction which increases with increasing temperature and this resulted in an increase in effective hydrodynamic volume of the polymer in the lubricating oil. Further, it increases the effective volume fraction of the viscosity modifier in the lubricating oil, which leads to the increase in viscosity of the copolymer doped lubricating oil 55 …”

“…Further, it increases the effective volume fraction of the viscosity modifier in the lubricating oil, which leads to the increase in viscosity of the copolymer doped lubricating oil. 55 Table 5 embodies the calculated intrinsic viscosities for poly(MMA-co-ethylene) doped lubricating oil samples from 20 to 100 C using single point method of Solomon Ciuta (A), 56 Ram-Mohan-Rao and Yaseen (B), 57 Kuwahara (C) 58 and Palit and Kar (D). 59 Irrespective of the method used, the dependency of intrinsic viscosity on temperature for each sample shows a uniform pattern.…”

The Vital Uses of Jojoba Oil and Its Derivatives in Daily Life and the Petroleum Industry

“…Liu et al 2014 [36] prepared new dimers of jojoba oil wax esters using acidic catalyst in supercritical CO 2 where the double bonds of the jojoba wax esters were opened and formed dimers. Jojoba oil also undergoes homopolymerization, copolymerization, and also terpolymerizaion [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

“…Inhibit oxidative stress induced by fumonisins (mycotoxins) [43] Meal (left over after oil extraction) Livestock feed [43] Oil Bioenergy [43] Simmondsia and its derivatives Antifungal [44] Oil Anti-inflammatory (e.g. treatment for throat inflammation, wound treatment) [45,46] Oil Relief for headaches [45] Oil and seed extracts Antimicrobial and antifungal [47][48][49] Leaves (flavonoid compounds) Antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitor [50] Leaves and seed coats Antibacterial and anticancer [51] Oil Lipoxygenase inhibitor [52] Simmondsia, its derivatives and seeds Antioxidant [51,53,54] Oil Pharmaceuticals [55,56] Oil Skincare treatment/skin health [57,58] Meal Anti-rodent [59] Oil Antifungal/insecticidal properties [60] Crude extracts Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (anticarcinogenic) [61] Oil Free radical elimination [62] Oil Skin antiaging [61,63] Oil Replacement of sperm whale oil [64] Oil Stroke and diabetes treatment [65] Oil Antivirus properties [55,56] Oil Hair health [66,67] Oil Lubricating oil additives [37][38][39][40][41][42] Table 2.…”

Obtaining of polymethacrylate additives and studying of operational properties of an alloyed industrial oil

“…There are additives with various chemical compositions on the market: polyolefins [7], poly(alkyl methacrylates) [8][9][10], copolymers of hydrogenated styrene-butadiene [11], terpolymers [12], etc. Each chemical composition of the polymer provides a balance between cost and performance characteristics that make them more or less suitable for using in certain compounds of lubricating oils.…”