Terpenoids of plant origin inhibit morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation byCandida albicans

Abstract

Biofilm-related infections caused by Candida albicans and associated drug resistant micro-organisms are serious problems for immunocompromised populations. Molecules which can prevent or remove biofilms are needed. Twenty-eight terpenoids of plant origin were analysed for their activity against growth, virulence attributes, and biofilms of C. albicans. Eighteen molecules exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of <2 mg ml(-1) for planktonic growth. Selected molecules inhibited yeast to hyphal dimorphism at low concentrations (0.031-0.5 mg ml(-1)), while adhesion to a solid surface was prevented at 0.5-2 mg ml(-1). Treatment with 14 terpenoids resulted in significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of biofilm formation, and of these, linalool, nerol, isopulegol, menthol, carvone, α-thujone, and farnesol exhibited biofilm-specific activity. Eight terpenoids were identified as inhibitors of mature biofilms. This study demonstrated the antibiofilm potential of terpenoids, which need to be further explored as therapeutic strategy against biofilm associated infections of C. albicans.

Phenazine Methosulphate Modulating the Expression of Genes Involved in Yeast to Hyphal Form Signal Transduction in &lt;i&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/i&gt;

“…Values in the control and treatment groups were compared using Student's t-test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant [10].…”

“…The adherence of cells were observed in each well by relative metabolic activity (RMA) using the XTT-assay [10].…”

“…A single isolated colony of C. albicans from YPD agar plate was used to inoculate 50 ml YPD broth in a 250 ml conical flask. The flasks were incubated for 24 h in an orbital shaking incubator (100 rpm) at 30˚C [10].…”

“…USA). The lowest concentration of PMS which caused a 50% reduction in the absorbance compared to the control was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the growth of C. albicans [10].…”

In Vitro Analysis of Finasteride Activity against Candida albicans Urinary Biofilm Formation and Filamentation

“…These studies have reported the discovery of nonazole compounds (11,13), immunosuppressive drugs (14), tunicamycin (15), and farnesol (16), among others. Additionally, numerous studies have evaluated repurposed agents as part of antifungal lock solutions against C. albicans biofilms, including ethanol (17,18), heparin (9), doxycycline (19), chitosan (20), EDTA (21), and tigecycline (8).…”