Terpenoids from Octocorals of the Genus Pachyclavularia

Abstract

In this paper, we reviewed natural compounds isolated from octocorals belonging to the genus Pachyclavularia, including 20 cembrane-, 39 briarane-, and eight briarellin-related diterpenoids, and one secosterol. The chemical constituents of these 68 secondary metabolites, and their names, structures, and bioactivities, along with studies of their biological activities, are summarized in this review. Based on the literature, many of these compounds possess bioactivities, including anti-inflammation properties, cytotoxicity, and ichthyotoxicity, suggesting that they may have the potential to be developed into biomedical agents for treatment.

New Eunicellin-Type Diterpenes from the Panamanian Octocoral Briareum asbestinum

“…Four eunicellin-based diterpenes: a briarellin (1) and three asbestinins (2)(3)(4) were isolated from the octocoral Briareum asbestinum and their structures determined by spectroscopic means. Compounds 1-3 are described for the first time.…”

“…The aim of this research was to reexamine a diterpene-rich fraction of B. asbestinum collected in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Our findings led to the isolation and identification of four additional eunicellin-based diterpenes including the new briarellin T (1), two new asbestinins 27 and 28 (2)(3), and the known asbestinin 17 (4). In addition, we described for the first time the anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds as inhibitors of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 as well as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages.…”

“…Traditionally, terrestrial natural products have been extensively investigated due to their beneficial properties. However, the need of new therapeutic compounds has given rise to a vast number of studies in marine environments, a resource with huge potential for drug development [2,3]. Gorgonian octocorals are considered a rich source of secondary metabolites due to their capacity for producing a diversity of diterpenes with approximately 40 different carbon skeletons [4][5][6][7].…”

New Furanocembranoids from Briareum violaceum

“…B. violaceum has been demonstrated to have a wide structural diversity of interesting diterpenoids that possess various pharmacological properties [17]. This specimen was encrusted on different species of scleractinian hard corals in the Indo-Pacific coral reef system [18].…”

Briaviolides K–N, New Briarane-Type Diterpenoids from Cultured Octocoral Briareum violaceum

“…The octocoral B. violaceum has been reported to demonstrate a wide structural diversity of interesting briarane-type diterpenoids with extensive pharmacological properties [ 29 ]. Our continuous search for more potent anti-inflammatory briaranes resulted in an acquisition of four new metabolites, named briaviolides K–N ( 1 – 4 ).…”