Terpenoids as chemosystematic markers in selected fossil and extant species of pine (Pinus, Pinaceae)

Otto, Angelika; Simoneit, Bernd R.T.; Wilde, Volker

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00638.x

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Pinus sylvestris. Diterpenes were common in pyrolysates of P. sylvestris (Thomas, 1970;Otto et al, 2007). For the peatlands, diterpenoids were only detected in HRB3, which is consistent with the lack of pine trees growing on the peatlands at present.…”

Section: Vascular Plantssupporting

confidence: 76%

The use of plant-specific pyrolysis products as biomarkers in peat deposits

Schellekens

Bradley

Kuyper

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tPeatlands are archives of environmental change that can be driven by climate and human activity. Proxies for peatland vegetation composition provide records of (local) environmental conditions that can be linked to both autogenic and allogenic factors. Analytical pyrolysis offers a molecular fingerprint of peat, and thereby a suite of environmental proxies. Here we investigate analytical pyrolysis as a method for biomarker analysis. Pyrolysates of 48 peatland plant species were compared, comprising seventeen lichens, three Sphagnum species, four non-Sphagnum mosses, eleven graminoids (Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Poaceae), five Ericaceae and six species from other families. This resulted in twenty-one potential biomarkers, including new markers for lichens (3-methoxy-5-methylphenol) and graminoids (ferulic acid methyl ester). The potential of the identified biomarkers to reconstruct vegetation composition is discussed according to their depth records in cores from six peatlands from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes. The occurrence of markers for Sphagnum, graminoids and lichens in all six studied peat deposits indicates that they persist in peat of thousands of years old, in different vegetation types and under different conditions. In order to facilitate the quantification of biomarkers from pyrolysates, typically expressed as proportion (%) of the total quantified pyrolysis products, an internal standard (5-aandrostane) was introduced. Depth records of the Sphagnum marker 4-isopropenylphenol from the upper 3 m of a Sphagnum-dominated peat, from samples analysed with and without internal standard showed a strong positive correlation (r 2 ¼ 0.72, P < 0.0005, n ¼ 12). This indicates that application of an internal standard is a reliable method to assess biomarker depth records, which enormously facilitates the use of analytical pyrolysis in biomarker research by avoiding quantification of a high number of products.

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Section: Vascular Plantssupporting

confidence: 76%

The use of plant-specific pyrolysis products as biomarkers in peat deposits

Schellekens

Bradley

Kuyper

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…Diterpenoids of the abietane type, which are characteristic of conifers of the Northern Hemisphere (Otto and Wilde 2001;Otto et al 2007), and triterpenoids (amyrins, lupeol), which are biomarkers specific to angiosperms (Tulloch 1976;Baker 1982), were not detected in these samples. This indicates that they are either absent or present in very low concentrations.…”

Section: Speleothem Growth and Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Composition and sources of lipid compounds in speleothem calcite from southwestern Oregon and their paleoenvironmental implications

et al. 2010

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We analyzed speleothem calcite from the Oregon Caves National Monument, southwestern Oregon, to determine the preservation, distribution, concentrations and sources of aliphatic lipid compounds preserved in the calcite. Maximum speleothem growth rate occurs during interglaciations and minimum during glacial intervals. Concentrations of the total lipid compounds range from 0.5 to 12.9 lg g -1 . They increase at times of low speleothem growth rate, suggesting dilution, whereas the apparent accumulation rate of lipid compounds tends to be highest during times of fastest speleothem growth rate. Such increased accumulation generally corresponds to times of warm (interglacial) climate, suggesting either a greater source of organic materials during interglacial times and/or greater efficiency of compound capture during more rapid calcite growth. Aliphatic lipid compounds include homologous n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanols and methyl n-alkanoates and sterols with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 7.8 lg g -1 , 0.4 to 1.1 lg g -1 , 0.5 to 9.6 lg g -1 and 0.1 to 2.7 lg g -1 , respectively. Minor amounts of branched methyl n-alkanoates and dimethyl n-alkanedioates are also present. The high concentrations of methyl n-alkanoates are the result of esterification reactions of free fatty acids in alkaline solutions with high pH values associated with the dripping cave waters. The distribution patterns and geochemical parameters and indices indicate that the major sources of the aliphatic lipids involved leaching from higher plants and microbial residues derived from the soil zone above the cave system. The estimated percentage of microbial inputs ranged from 42 to 90% of the total lipids and also showed an increase in accumulation during warm climates. These well-preserved lipid compounds in speleothem calcite could be used as biomarkers for paleoenvironmental study.

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“…Furthermore, only limited work has documented monoterpene variation in ponderosa pine cones (Latta et al 2000) or terpenes in the cones of any conifer species (Yano and Furuno 1994;Kurose and Yatagai 2005;Otto et al 2007;Sultan et al 2008;Ucar and Ucar 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variable Chemistry and Herbivory of Ponderosa Pine Cones

Keefover‐Ring

Linhart

2010

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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We measured the terpenoid chemistry, cone insect distribution, and the relationship between these two parameters in the seed cones of ponderosa pine. Analyses of mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes from four separate sites revealed high amounts of terpenoid diversity and variation. The majority of this variation occurred among trees within sites, but differences were also seen among sites and among cone clusters from individual trees. Cone insect distributions differed substantially in both time and space, with significant differences seen between two points in time and between five sites. Negative correlations existed between levels of cone insect herbivory and both a monoterpene and a diterpene factor at one site, indicating that these herbivores may be one reason that ponderosa pine maintains the high levels of chemical variation observed.

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Terpenoids as chemosystematic markers in selected fossil and extant species of pine (Pinus, Pinaceae)

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

The use of plant-specific pyrolysis products as biomarkers in peat deposits

The use of plant-specific pyrolysis products as biomarkers in peat deposits

Composition and sources of lipid compounds in speleothem calcite from southwestern Oregon and their paleoenvironmental implications

Variable Chemistry and Herbivory of Ponderosa Pine Cones

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