Hedychium coronarium KOEN. (Zingiberaceae) is widely cultivated in Japan, India, South China, and Southeast Asian countries. The rhizomes of H. coronarium have been used for the treatment of headache, contusion inflammation, and sharp pain due to rheumatism in Chinese traditional medicine. Previously, we reported that the extract from the rhizomes of H. coronarium showed inhibitory effects on increase in vascular permeability and nitric oxide production and on the release of b-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells and the structures of various farnesane-type sesquiterpenes and labdane-type diterpene were characterized.2,3) However, the chemical constituents as well as the pharmacological properties of the flowers of H. coronarium have not been characterized. In the course of our serial studies on the bioactive constituents of medicinal flowers, 1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] the 80% aqueous acetone extract from the flowers of H. coronarium was found to show a protective effect on D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. In addition, we have isolated two new labdane-type diterpene glycosides, coronalactosides I (1) and II (2), and a new labdane-type trinorditerpene, coronadiene (3), together with 8 known compounds including labdane-type diterpene derivatives from the extracts, which were obtained with chloroform and 80% aqueous acetone from the flowers of H. coronarium. Furthermore, we examined the protective effects of principal constituents on D-GalN-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. In this paper, we describe the isolation and structure elucidation of the new constituents (1-3) and the hepatoprotective effects of principal constituents from the flowers of H. coronarium.The fresh flowers of H. coronarium were extracted with chloroform under room temperature [the yield (0.46%) was obtained from the fresh flowers]. Subsequently, the residue was extracted with 80% aqueous acetone under room temperature, followed by 80% aqueous acetone under reflux (0.75% and 0.43% were obtained, respectively). The 80% aqueous acetone extract obtained under room temperature was partitioned into an EtOAc-H 2 O mixture to furnish an EtOAc-soluble fraction (0.074%) and aqueous layer. The aqueous layer was further extracted with n-BuOH to give n-BuOH-and H 2 O-soluble fractions (0.10% and 0.56%, respectively). In the same procedure, the EtOAc-, n-BuOHand H 2 O-soluble fractions were given from the 80% aqueous acetone extract obtained under reflux (0.18%, 0.044%, and 0.21%, respectively). The chloroform extract (0.46%), EtOAcsoluble fraction given from the 80% aqueous acetone extract obtained under room temperature, and n-BuOH-soluble fraction given from the 80% aqueous acetone extract obtained under reflux were subjected to normal-phase and reversedphase column chromatographies, and finally HPLC to give coronalactosides I (1, 0.00029% from the flowers) and II (2, 0.00014%) and coronadiene (3, 0.00008%) together with 8 known compounds, (E)-labda-8(17),12-die...