Terpenoid natural products exert neuroprotection via the PI3K/Akt pathway

Abstract

PI3K/Akt, an essential signaling pathway widely present in cells, has been shown to be relevant to neurological disorders. As an important class of natural products, terpenoids exist in large numbers and have diverse backbones, so they have a great chance to be identified as neuroprotective agents. In this review, we described and summarized recent research for a range of terpenoid natural products associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway by classifying their basic chemical structures of the terpenes, identified by electronic searches on PubMed, Web of Science for research, and Google Scholar websites. Only articles published in English were included. Our discussion here concerned 16 natural terpenoids and their mechanisms of action, the associated diseases, and the methods of experimentation used. We also reviewed the discovery of their chemical structures and their derivatives, and some compounds have been concluded for their structure–activity relationships (SAR). As a result, terpenoids are excellent candidates for research as natural neuroprotective agents, and our content will provide a stepping stone for further research into these natural products. It may be possible for more terpenoids to serve as neuroprotective agents in the future.

The Optimization Design of Macrophage Membrane Camouflaging Liposomes for Alleviating Ischemic Stroke Injury through Intranasal Delivery

“…Numerous studies have shown that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can inhibit neuronal apoptosis and promote neuronal growth [ 59 ]. Akt is a key protein in the PI3K/Akt pathway, and phosphorylated Akt further activates downstream proteins that participate in cell growth and development processes [ 60 ]. Following a stroke, the PI3K Akt pathway maintains brain homeostasis by regulating various target proteins; is an important pathway for protecting brain nerves [ 61 ].…”

Role of autophagy and proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: Exploring the therapeutic interventions

“…It crosses the blood–brain barrier and inhibits microglial activations (Siddique, 2021). Another phenolic compound, polydatin, is used in neurodegenerative diseases and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway (Xu et al., 2022). The natural polyphenolic stilbene derivative, Resveratrol, plays a role in neurodegenerative disorders and stimulates AMPK (AMP‐activated protein kinase) and autophagy pathway (Andrade et al., 2018).…”

Exploiting new strategies in combating head and neck carcinoma: A comprehensive review on phytochemical approaches passing through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

“…Based on the number of repeating units, terpenes, and terpenoids are generally classified into mono‐ (C10), sesqui‐ (C15), di‐ (C20), tri‐ (C30), tetra‐ (C40), and polyterpene (C > 40) (W. Yang, Chen, et al, 2020). Of various underlying mechanisms pertinent to their health‐beneficial activities, particularly in cancer settings, modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is of special notice (El‐Baba et al, 2021; B. Xu et al, 2022; Q. Yang et al, 2021).…”

“…. Of various underlying mechanisms pertinent to their health-beneficial activities, particularly in cancer settings, modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is of special notice (El-Baba et al, 2021;B. Xu et al, 2022;Q.…”