Ternary sulfur/polyacrylonitrile/Mg<sub>0.6</sub>Ni<sub>0.4</sub>O composite cathodes for high performance lithium/sulfur batteries

Zhang, Yongguang; Zhao, Yan; Yermukhambetova, Assiya; Bakenov, Zhumabay; Chen, P.

doi:10.1039/c2ta00105e

Cited by 213 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Therefore, it is suggested that the mixed-metal oxide prevents the active material agglomeration; it adsorbs the lithium polysulfides and preserves the higher conductivity of the sample. If we compare the proposed change from polyacrylonitrile 76 to polyaniline, a lower capacity loss using polyaniline as a host material was observed. The TiO 2 was obtained by two step anodization method using titanium foil as the working electrode and platinum foil as the counter electrode.…”

Section: Sulfur-polymer-metal Oxide Composite Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sulfur content was approximately 70 wt%, higher than the metal oxides-polymer-sulfur compounds synthetized by Chen´s group, with a percentage of sulfur content around 40%. 76 The composite material was directly used as a cathode without the addition of any conductive agent nor binder. A better stability in the S/PPy/TiO 2 is observed with regards to TiO 2 -S cathode.…”

Section: Sulfur-polymer-metal Oxide Composite Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…76 The Mg 0.6 Ni 0.4 O mix-oxide was synthetized via a self-propagating high temperature process. A viscous liquid was obtained by boiling of an aqueous solution of the metal salts.…”

Section: Sulfur-polymer-metal Oxide Composite Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review—Non-Carbonaceous Materials as Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Arias

Tesio

Flexer

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Lithium-sulfur batteries are presented as a promising alternative for the operation of those devices, including electric vehicles, that require higher specific capacity than current lithium-ion technology. Unfortunately, lithium-sulfur batteries suffer from several limitations that still produce a relatively fast capacity fading and poor utilization of active materials. In order to alleviate the disadvantages that arise at the cathode, several researchers have searched for new electrode materials. Because of the long standing tradition in the use of carbons in energy storage systems, carbonaceous cathodes have been the most popular choice. Recently, however, there has been a trend for the study of non-carbonaceous materials as cathodes in lithium-sulfur systems. Materials such as polymers, metal oxides, metal carbides, amongst many others were reported, showing excellent properties which make them compete side by side with state of the art carbonaceous cathodes. These materials have generally improved the conductivity of the conventional sulfur electrode, and have provided a 3D soft adsorbent porous structure, which efficiently traps polysulfides. These characteristics are reflected in an improved electrochemical performance, reaching, in some cases, capacity retention values close to 1000 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at high discharge rate. Here, we propose a review of these non-carbonaceous cathodes. The specific energy of current lithium-ion secondary batteries is very close to reaching its theoretical thermodynamic limit.1 This specific energy value is limited for some technological applications, such as long autonomy range electric vehicles.2 Although no other rechargeable battery technology has shown the fantastic cyclability and stability of lithium-ion batteries, the search for new rechargeable battery technologies is a very active field of research.Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of several alternative systems that have been proposed for higher specific energy density rechargeable batteries. A lithium-sulfur battery consists of a lithium anode, an organic electrolyte and a sulfur composite cathode.2-5 During the discharge process, at the anode, metallic lithium is oxidized to lithium cations (Li + ), while at the cathode, and in the presence of lithium ions, elemental sulfur is reduced to lithium sulfide (Li 2 S). These batteries are presented as a promising alternative energy storage system, since they are relatively light and they have the advantage of a high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg −1 , which is almost 6 times higher than that of commercial lithium-ion batteries (387 Wh kg −1 for LiCoO 2 -graphite battery). 6 In addition, sulfur has a very low cost and is largely abundant in nature. [7][8][9] The foundational stone on lithium-sulfur cells was led in 1962 by Herbert and Ulam, who proposed the use of elemental sulfur as cathode material. 10Despite their numerous theoretical advantages, lithium sulfur cells are still not commercially available due to a series of limitations. 11Sev...

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Section: Sulfur-polymer-metal Oxide Composite Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulfur-polymer-metal Oxide Composite Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review—Non-Carbonaceous Materials as Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Arias

Tesio

Flexer

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…So far, S/PAN composites show relatively stable cycle life performance even in LiPF 6 /carbonate-based electrolyte solutions (note that any other composites cannot be used in LiPF 6 /carbonate-based electrolyte solutions because of irreversible polysulfides-carbonate reactions) (Wang et al, 2002(Wang et al, , 2003Yu et al, 2004;Fanous et al, 2011;Doan et al, 2013Doan et al, , 2014Zhang et al, 2013d,e;Konarov et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Zhang, 2014): it has been explained that the nanoscopic (or sub-nanoscopic) distribution of sulfur/polysulfides in cyclized PAN contributes to the polysulfide stabilization (Wang et al, 2002(Wang et al, , 2003Yu et al, 2004;Fanous et al, 2011;Doan et al, 2013;Zhang, 2014). S/PAN binary composites (Wang et al, 2002) or S/PAN/conducting carbon ternary composites (Wang et al, 2003) were first suggested by Wang et al Recently, S/PAN composites with nanosized additives, such as S/PAN/nanosized Mg 0.6 Ni 0.4 O (MNO) (Zhang et al, 2013d), S/PAN/graphene (Zhang et al, 2013e), and S/PAN/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) , were intensively investigated by the research groups of University of Waterloo (Canada) and Nazarbayev University (Kazakhstan), and it is likely that the use of nanosized filler (either conducting or non-conducting; conducting ones tend to show better rate performance, of course) can contribute to a better cycle life performance than the composites without nanosized fillers probably owing to the more homogeneous sulfur distribution. However, as mentioned earlier, this challenging issue must also be solved in an economically reasonable manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Mass-Loading of Sulfur-Based Cathode Composites and Polysulfides Stabilization for Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Hara

Konarov²,

Mentbayeva

et al. 2015

Front. Energy Res.

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Citation:Hara T, Konarov A, Mentbayeva A, Kurmanbayeva I and Bakenov Z (2015) Although sulfur has a high theoretical gravimetric capacity, 1672 mAh/g, its insulating nature requires a large amount of conducting additives: this tends to result in a low massloading of active material (sulfur), and thereby, a lower capacity than expected. Therefore, an optimal choice of conducting agents and of the method for sulfur/conductingagent integration is critically important. In this paper, we report that the areal capacity of 4.9 mAh/cm 2 was achieved at sulfur mass loading of 4.1 mg/cm 2 by casting sulfur/polyacrylonitrile/ketjenblack (S/PAN/KB) cathode composite into carbon fiber paper. This is the highest value among published/reported ones even though it does not contain expensive nanosized carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, or graphene derivatives, and competitive enough with the conventional LiCoO 2 -based cathodes (e.g., LiCoO 2 , <20 mg/cm 2 corresponding to <2.8 mAh/cm 2 ). Furthermore, the combination of sulfur/PAN-based composite and PAN-based carbon fiber paper enabled the sulfurbased composite to be used even in carbonate-based electrolyte solution that many lithium/sulfur battery researchers avoid the use of it because of severer irreversible active material loss than in electrolyte solutions without carbonate-based solutions, and even at the highest mass-loading ever reported (the more sulfur is loaded, the more decomposed sulfides deposit at an anode surface).

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“…However, the commercialization of Li-S batteries is confronted with challenges due to the poor conductivity of sulfur, volume expansion of about 79.2% from sulfur to Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S during discharge, and especially the shuttle e®ect between the sulfur cathode and lithium anode induced by soluble lithium polysul¯de Li 2 S x (4 x 8) as referred to in literatures. [5][6][7][8][9] Various strategies have been applied to solve these problems such as con¯ning sulfur with conductive skeletons, 10 introducing metal oxides 11,12 and surface coating by conductive polymers 13 and so on. Thereinto, porous carbon materials are most generally adopted to improve the performances of the cathode on account of high conductivity, adsorption e®ect and favorable contact with sulfur nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Assembly of Micro-/Meso-/Macroporous Carbon for Li–S Batteries

Tang

Zuo

et al. 2017

NANO

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In order to explore the e®ect of hierarchical porous carbon on the performances of Li-S batteries, we synthesized three kinds of micro-/meso-/macroporous carbon materials with di®erent pore properties by facile hard-template method. Di®erent from the majority of reports on porous carbon ensuing large speci¯c surface area (SSA) and total pore volume, it was found that in the case of identically high sulfur content, the pore size distribution substantially in°uences the performances of Li-S batteries rather than the SSA and total pore volume. Furthermore, in the assembly of micro-/meso-/macropores, the micropore volume ratio to the total pore volume is dominant to the capabilities of batteries. Among the samples, the porous carbon carbonized with the precursor of sucrose at 950 C presents the highest initial discharge speci¯c capacity of 1327 mAh/g and retention of 630 mAh/g over 100 cycles at 0.2C rate along with the best rate capability. This sample possesses the largest micropore volume ratio of 47.54% but a medium SSA of 1217 m 2 /g and inferior total pore volume of 0.54 cm 3 /g. The abundant micropores e®ectively improve the conductivity of dispersed sulfur particles, inhibit the loss of sulfur series and enable the cathode to exhibit superior electrochemical performances.

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Ternary sulfur/polyacrylonitrile/Mg_0.6Ni_0.4O composite cathodes for high performance lithium/sulfur batteries

Cited by 213 publications

References 38 publications

Review—Non-Carbonaceous Materials as Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Review—Non-Carbonaceous Materials as Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

High Mass-Loading of Sulfur-Based Cathode Composites and Polysulfides Stabilization for Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Optimized Assembly of Micro-/Meso-/Macroporous Carbon for Li–S Batteries

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Ternary sulfur/polyacrylonitrile/Mg0.6Ni0.4O composite cathodes for high performance lithium/sulfur batteries

Cited by 213 publications

References 38 publications

Review—Non-Carbonaceous Materials as Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Review—Non-Carbonaceous Materials as Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

High Mass-Loading of Sulfur-Based Cathode Composites and Polysulfides Stabilization for Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Optimized Assembly of Micro-/Meso-/Macroporous Carbon for Li–S Batteries

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Ternary sulfur/polyacrylonitrile/Mg_0.6Ni_0.4O composite cathodes for high performance lithium/sulfur batteries