Ternary phase diagrams of DNTF and TNAZ and their eutectics

Shao, Ying Hui; Ren, Xiao Ning; Liu, Zi Ru; Zhang, Xiang

doi:10.1007/s10973-010-0993-4

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The high crystal density (1.937 g cm −3 ), high detonation velocity (9250 m s −1 ) and low melting point (110 °C) make it attractive as an energetic ingredient in propellants 25 and melt-cast explosives. 26 Further study shows that it exhibits higher performance and similar sensitivity compared to that of HMX. 27 The preparation, 28,29 thermochemical properties, [30][31][32][33] combustion properties 33 and detonation performances 34 of DNTF have been reported in previous research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Crystal morphology of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) in a solvent system: molecular dynamics simulation and sensitivity study

Liu

Li²,

Zeman

et al. 2016

CrystEngComm

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Herein, the attachment energy (AE) model was employed to study the growth morphology of 3,4-bisĲ3nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) under vacuum and solvent conditions by molecular dynamics simulation.The DNTF crystals were cultivated in H 2 O/acetic acid (AcOH) and H 2 O/EtOH solvents by natural cooling.The calculated results show that the (0 1 1) and (0 0 1) faces have large morphological importance in these two solvent systems, and the predicted DNTF morphologies agree qualitatively with those of the observed experimental results. Radial distribution function (RDF) and diffusion coefficient analyses were performed to explore the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of solvent molecules on DNTF surfaces. Furthermore, the impact and friction sensitivities of different crystal morphologies of DNTF were also tested and discussed.Results suggest that crystal morphology is an important impact factor for controlling the sensitivity of explosives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Crystal morphology of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) in a solvent system: molecular dynamics simulation and sensitivity study

Liu

Li²,

Zeman

et al. 2016

CrystEngComm

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“…3,4-Bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF, Figure ) is a novel explosive of high energy and low sensitivity, which was successfully synthesized in 2002 by Hu et al Further characterization showed that its performance is superior to that of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) but close to that of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.0 5,9 .0 3,11 ]dodecane (CL-20). , The crystal density of DNTF is 1.937 g·cm –3 , and the corresponding detonation velocity is about 9250 m·s –1 . Its excellent traits, such as a low melting point, high density, good stability, and appropriate sensitivity, indicate that it can be used not only as an explosive, but also as an ingredient of propellants. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of 3,4-Bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan in Common Solvents at Temperatures between 293.15 K and 313.15 K

Cui

Chen

et al. 2013

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The solubility of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) was measured in water, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethyl ethanoate, methanol, and trichloromethane between 293.15 K and 313.15 K. Measurements were performed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. For all reagents tested, the solubility of DNTF increased as temperature increased. The solubility data were correlated with temperature as an exponential function. The enthalpy of solution in each solvent was calculated by an analysis of temperature dependence.

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“…Fortunately, melting DNTF with insensitive explosives to prepare eutectic or co-molten mixture can solve these problems [20][21][22][23]. It has been demonstrated that DNTF could form eutectic mixture with 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), TNT, 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) or 3,4-dinitropyrazole (DNP) [24][25][26][27][28]. Whereas, TNAZ and PETN are also sensitive to external stimulus [29][30], resulting in limited safety improvement when they form eutectics with DNTF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance and Insensitive DNTF‐DFTNAN Eutectic: Binary Phase Diagram and Characterization

xiao

Qian

Zheng

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In order to hunt for a high-energy and insensitive eutectic, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method was used to investigate the melting process of DNTF-DFTNAN co-molten mixtures with different compositions. Based on the experimental T-x phase diagram, the experimentally extrapolated molar ratio of DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic mixture is 30.1/69.9, which is consistent with the result from the H-x phase diagram, and the eutectic point is about 335.5 K, showing that the addition of DFTNAN can effectively reduce the melting temperature of DNTF. The FT-IR and XRD measurements of raw DNTF, raw DFTNAN and the DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic indicate that no chemical reaction occurred and the structure of crystal doesn't change during the preparation of the eutectic. The thermal decomposition temperatures at different heating rates and the apparent activation energy of eutectic are basically between DNTF and DFTNAN. The drop height (H 50 ) for the DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic increases by 27.4 cm (85.1%) compared with that of DNTF, and the detonation velocity decreases only by 0.5 km/s (5.5 %), implying that the DFTNAN can efficiently desensitize the DNTF explosive with a slight energy loss. In addition, the polynomial equations of mechanical sensitivity and detonation velocity with DNTF content were fitted to adjust the detonation performance and sensitivity of DNTF-DFTNAN co-molten mixture, which provides an opportunity to design DNTF-DFTNAN expected melt-cast explosives.

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Ternary phase diagrams of DNTF and TNAZ and their eutectics

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Crystal morphology of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) in a solvent system: molecular dynamics simulation and sensitivity study

Crystal morphology of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) in a solvent system: molecular dynamics simulation and sensitivity study

Solubility of 3,4-Bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan in Common Solvents at Temperatures between 293.15 K and 313.15 K

High‐Performance and Insensitive DNTF‐DFTNAN Eutectic: Binary Phase Diagram and Characterization

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