Ternary mutual diffusion coefficients and densities of the system {z1NaCl +(1 –z1)Na2SO4}(aq) at 298.15 K and a total molarity of 0.5000 mol dm–3

Rard, Joseph A.; Albright, John G.; Miller, Donald G.; Zeidler, Manfred E.

doi:10.1039/ft9969204187

Cited by 29 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Data acquisition was controlled via computer, which also performed the subsequent data reduction. 47 In brief, a typical diffusion experiment using the Gosting diffusiometer starts from preparing a sharp boundary …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary Diffusion Coefficients in a Protein−Polymer−Salt−Water System Determined by Rayleigh Interferometry

et al. 2009

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We have experimentally investigated multicomponent diffusion in a protein-polymer-salt-water quaternary system. Specifically, we have measured the nine multicomponent diffusion coefficients, D ij , for the lysozyme-poly(ethylene glycol)-NaCl-water system at pH 4.5 and 25°C using precision Rayleigh interferometry. Lysozyme is a model protein for protein-crystallization and enzymology studies. We find that the protein diffusion coefficient, D 11 , decreases as polymer concentration increases at a given salt concentration. This behavior can be quantitatively related to the corresponding increase in fluid viscosity only at low polymer concentration. However, at high polymer concentration (250 g/L), protein diffusion is enhanced compared to the corresponding viscosity prediction. We also find that a protein concentration gradient induces salt diffusion from high to low protein concentration. This effect increases in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol). Finally, we have evaluated systematic errors associated with measurements of protein diffusion coefficients by dynamic light scattering. This work overall helps characterize protein diffusion in crowded environments and may provide guidance for further theoretical developments in the field of protein crystallization and protein diffusion in such crowded systems, such as the cytoplasm of living cells.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary Diffusion Coefficients in a Protein−Polymer−Salt−Water System Determined by Rayleigh Interferometry

et al. 2009

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“…29,30 The diffusion experiments were performed with the Gosting diffusiometer 30 operating in the Rayleigh mode. 31,32 In the interferometric Rayleigh technique (as well as for the Gouy) two solutions differing slightly in concentration and initially separated by a sharp boundary are allowed to diffuse into each other. The diffusion coefficients in such experiments are obtained from the position, evolution in time, and total number of fringes (J) produced by light passing through a cell containing the two solutions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent Diffusion in Crowded Solutions. 2. Mutual Diffusion in the Ternary System Tetra(ethylene glycol)−NaCl−Water

et al. 2004

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Multicomponent diffusion properties for the tetra(ethylene glycol) (PEG4)-sodium chloride-water ternary system are investigated at constant salt concentration (0.5 mol dm ) and a wide range of PEG4 concentration approaching 3.0 mol dm -3 (60% volume fraction). Cross-velocity correlation (counterflows) for any pair of components in this ternary system is determined. Comparison between the exact multicomponent approach and the pseudobinary approximation, which is based on the assumption that the PEG4-water mixed solvent can be treated as one component, shows how the latter approach is misleading in describing the electrolyte diffusion properties in mixed solvents. Our results show strong coupling between the fluxes of NaCl and PEG4, which is attributed to the NaCl-PEG4 nonpreferential interactions in water. Moreover, the behavior of the NaCl and PEG4 chemical potentials as a function of the system composition can be quantitatiVely extracted from our diffusion measurements with the help of some interesting observations about the viscosity and conductivity properties of the system.

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“…Very careful investigation of cross-diffusion coefficients has been carried out in aqueous solutions of NaCl (c 1 ) and MgCl 2 (c 2 ), as well as in solutions of NaCl (c 1 ) and Na 2 SO 4 (c 2 ). 40,[106][107][108][109] For the NaCl-MgCl 2 system, at molar ratios c 1 /c 2 4 1 (e.g., c 1 /c 2 = 3), 40 In that work, the diffusion of charged macromolecules in the presence of an electrolyte solution was discussed in terms of two models: (a) the Nernst-Hartley equations, 96 applicable to an ideal dilute ternary solution with two ionic components, and; (b) the Stokes-Einstein equation, 110 which describes the tracer diffusion coefficient (or mobility) of macromolecules in the limit of c 1 -0. For both models, the diffusion coefficients are independent of the reference frame, because they apply at infinite dilution.…”

Section: Cross-diffusion Without Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-diffusion and pattern formation in reaction–diffusion systems

Vanag

Epstein

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

263

199

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Cross-diffusion, the phenomenon in which a gradient in the concentration of one species induces a flux of another chemical species, has generally been neglected in the study of reaction-diffusion systems.We summarize experiments that demonstrate that cross-diffusion coefficients can be quite significant, even exceeding ''normal,'' diagonal diffusion coefficients in magnitude in systems that involve ions, micelles, complex formation, excluded volume effects (e.g., surface or polymer reactions) and other phenomena commonly encountered in situations of interest to chemists. We then demonstrate with a series of model calculations that cross-diffusion can lead to spatial and spatiotemporal pattern formation, even in relatively simple systems. We also show that, in the absence of cross-diffusion among the reacting species, introduction of a nonreactive species that induces appropriate cross-diffusive fluxes with reactive species can lead to pattern formation.

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Ternary mutual diffusion coefficients and densities of the system {z₁NaCl +(1 –z₁)Na₂SO₄}(aq) at 298.15 K and a total molarity of 0.5000 mol dm^–3

Cited by 29 publications

References 54 publications

Quaternary Diffusion Coefficients in a Protein−Polymer−Salt−Water System Determined by Rayleigh Interferometry

Quaternary Diffusion Coefficients in a Protein−Polymer−Salt−Water System Determined by Rayleigh Interferometry

Multicomponent Diffusion in Crowded Solutions. 2. Mutual Diffusion in the Ternary System Tetra(ethylene glycol)−NaCl−Water

Cross-diffusion and pattern formation in reaction–diffusion systems

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