Ternary miscibility with specific interactions in novel blends comprising biodegradable polymers and a natural polyphenol

Abstract

Novel miscible ternary blends comprising poly(ethylene azelate) (PEAz) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), which are biodegradable polymers, and catechin, a natural polyphenol, were discovered. The inherent biodegradability of PEAz and PCL and the biocompatibility of catechin enable these blends to be used for manufacturing functional polymeric materials. The PEAz/catechin/PCL blends exhibit homogeneous phase morphology and one single T g for each of the ternary compositions, demonstrating that the blends are with ternary miscibility. The phenomenon of melting point depression found in the blends confirmed that the PEAz/catechin/PCL blends are inherently miscible with thermodynamically favorable interactions. It also revealed that catechin formed hydrogen-bonding interactions with the polyesters PEAz and PCL in the ternary blends. Ternary miscibility in the PEAz/catechin/PCL blends might be mainly attributed to two factors: (1) a negligible ΔK effect resulting from the symmetric hydrogen-bonding interactions between catechin and PEAZ and between catechin and PCL, and (2) a minimal Δχ effect caused by a slight difference in the solubility parameters of PEAz and PCL in the blends. In these miscible ternary blends, the nonisothermal crystallization of crystalline polyesters was retarded as the catechin content was increased.

Amorphous Pterostilbene Delivery Systems Preparation—Innovative Approach to Preparation Optimization

“…confirms that a single glass transition observed in the thermogram of an amorphous system indicates complete miscibility [51,52,54,62]. For example, the homogeneity of the mixtures was confirmed on the basis of DSC analysis (one glass transition recorded) for tannic acid+poly(ε-caprolactone) [52], poly(ethylene azelate)+poly(ε-caprolactone)+catechin [54], nimesulide+kollidon VA64 [63]. The experimental Tg values of the obtained systems were compared with the theoretical values calculated by the Gordon-Taylor equation and the Couchman-Karasz equation; see Table 1 (equations were detailed in the Section 2.3 Optimization of the selection of PTR-SOL weight ratio).…”

“…Numerous literature reports confirm that an amorphous phase can lead to the disappearance of the melting effect and the emergence of a glass transition (T g ). In addition, the literature confirms that a single glass transition observed in the thermogram of an amorphous system indicates complete miscibility [51,52,54,62]. For example, the homogeneity of the mixtures was confirmed on the basis of DSC analysis (one glass transition recorded) for tannic acid+poly(ε-caprolactone) [52], poly(ethylene azelate)+poly(ε-caprolactone)+catechin [54], nimesulide+kollidon VA64 [63].…”

“…Lee et al [53] used the same methodology as Yen et al for the miscibility analysis and the interaction identification of the biodegradable polymer with tannic acid. Next, Lee et al [54] obtained novel miscible ternary blends of biodegradable polymers, including natural polyphenol. They confirmed the miscibility based on the single T g value observed.…”

“…In another study, Zhu et al [51] confirmed strong hydrogen bonds between poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s and catechin in amorphous miscible blends. Next, Lee et al [54] identified hydrogen bonds between biodegradable polymers and natural polyphenol.…”

Myricetin Amorphous Solid Dispersions—Antineurodegenerative Potential

“…For example, amorphous polyphenol-PVP dispersions for which the melting point of polyphenol disappeared were presented for curcumin [ 62 ], daidzein [ 44 ], genistein [ 45 ], naringenin + hesperetin [ 56 ], and wogonin [ 65 ]. Additionally, researchers show that a single glass transition seen in an amorphous dispersion’s thermogram indicates complete miscibility [ 50 , 66 , 67 ]. For instance, based on thermal analysis, the full miscibility of curcumin-piperine-PVP VA64 [ 55 ], genistein-amino acids [ 68 ], hesperidin-Soluplus ® and hesperidin-HPMC [ 46 ], hesperetin-piperine-PVPVA64 [ 48 ], kaempferol-Eudragit ® [ 46 ], pterostilbene-Soluplus ® [ 50 ], and tannic acid-poly(ε-caprolactone) [ 69 ] were confirmed.…”