Ternary Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes of a Reduced Schiff Base Ligand with Diimine Coligands: DNA Binding, Cytotoxic Cell Apoptosis, and Apoptotic Mechanism

Abstract

A serial of mixed-ligand Cu(II) complexes of the type [Cu(phens)(H2 PDILeu)]H2 O (1-4) containing phens as 2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy, 1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 3), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz, 4) have been isolated and characterized. The interaction of the complexes with calf-thymus DNA has been explored by physical methods to propose modes of DNA binding of the complexes, which indicate that 4 interacts with DNA more strongly than all of the other complexes through intercalation interaction. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was detected by AnnexinV/PI flow cytometry and TUNEL assay and by Western blotting to detect the protein expression of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. All the three copper complexes can effectively induce apoptosis of the three human tumor cells, which was accompanied with upregulation of the expression of p53 and Bax, while Bcl-2 decreased.

Highly ordered Nanomaterial Functionalized Copper Schiff Base Framework: Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Performance

“…Due to the biological essential activity of copper, its coordination chemistry has received significant attention. Particularly, a large number of Schiff base copper complexes have been developed to investigate their biological and catalytic potential [51][52][53][54]. The synthesis of a novel immobilized copper Schiff base complex was accomplished in three steps (Scheme 1).…”

DNA binding and cleavage activity of three new copper (II) complexes of chiral N-salicyl-β-amino alcohol Schiff bases

“…Cu(II) are well known to be a redox-active metal whose complexes can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which trigger DNA degradation and apoptosis of cancer [7][8][9]. Schiff bases copper(II) complexes have been extensively studied as encouraging alternatives to cisplatin and anticancer drugs [10][11][12]. Several copper complexes have been started pre-clinical research as antitumor drug candidates, which demonstrated relatively lower side effects compared with some platinum drugs [13].…”

“…Schiff bases copper(II) complexes have been extensively studied as encouraging alternatives to cisplatin and anticancer drugs [10][11][12]. Several copper complexes have been started pre-clinical research as antitumor drug candidates, which demonstrated relatively lower side effects compared with some platinum drugs [13].…”

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Cytotoxic Activity of a Novel Eight-Coordinated Dinuclear Ca(II)-Schiff Base Complex

“…Many metal complexes with transition metals as center ions show excellent antibacterial and antitumor activities, such as Cu(II) [1][2][3], Zn(II) [4][5][6], Mn(II) [7][8][9], Ni(II) [10][11][12], Ag(I) [13][14][15], and so on. Meanwhile, hydrazone compounds also exhibit good biological activities and are a kind of good ligand [16][17][18].…”

“…The investigations of the synthesis and properties of Ca(II) complexes have always been one of our goals [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In this work, we synthesized a novel eight-coordinated dinuclear Ca(II) complex, [Ca 2 (L) 2 (H 2 O) 10 ]·H 2 O (1), by the reaction of 3-pyridinecarboxylic hydrazide, disodium 4-formylbenzene-1,3-disulfonate, and Ca(ClO 4 ) 2 ·4H 2 O. Complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and single crystal X-ray crystallography.…”