Ternary Blends of Renewable Fast Pyrolysis Bio‐Oil, Advanced Bioethanol, and Marine Gasoil as Potential Marine Biofuel

Abstract

An alternative for reducing emissions from marine fuel is to blend bio-oil from lignocellulose non-edible feedstocks to diesel fossil fuels. Phase diagrams of the ternary systems were built to represent the transition from heterogeneous regions to homogeneous regions. Four homogeneous blends of bio-oil of eucalyptus-bioethanol-marine gasoil were experimentally characterized with respect to the most important fuel parameters for marine engines: water content, flash point, low heating value, viscosity, and acidity. Blends with closer properties to marine gasoil replacement, lower costs, and environmental impacts should be tested for large engines.

Perspective Use of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil (FPBO) in Maritime Transport: The Case of Brazil

“…Under IMO legislation, restrictions on SOx and NOx have been in place, since the beginning of 2020, and 40% CO 2 emission reductions are expected by 2030. Major global health and environmental benefits are expected, particularly for populations living close to ports and coastlines [5]. Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) are the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the North American region (containing the coastal sector of the United States and Canada), and the United States Caribbean Sea areas (around Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands).…”

“…Biofuels can be considered a viable partial alternative to fossil fuels in the MTS, particularly in Brazil, given their huge potential and historical experience. According to various authors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], the utilization of biofuels in MTS faces several challenges, including: Therefore, besides the difficulties associated with the feedstocks as the conversion technologies, there is a concern about how the "business of today" heavily dependent on bunker oil will be adapted into the "business of tomorrow" in which biofuels can play a role.…”

“…Ternary phase diagrams are powerful for predicting phase separation of mixtures of FPBO-bioethanol and marine diesel. Galindo et al [5] investigated blends of FPBO from two different feedstocks (one from energy cane and the other from Eucalyptus) mixed with bioethanol and marine diesel. They looked at how much GHG emissions could be reduced by replacing pure marine diesel by bioethanol and by FPBO-to find economically feasible renewable homogenous blends.…”