Ternary Al–Mg–Ag alloy promoted palladium nanoparticles as potential catalyst for enhanced electro-oxidation of ethanol

IrOx–Pt electrode for the electro-oxidation of ethanol in alkaline-type direct ethanol fuel cells: an excellent CO-tolerant catalyst

“…9 Generally, alkaline-type DEFCs are preferred over the acidic type because: (1) higher [OH À ] enhances the kinetics of EtOR and (2) metals other than platinum (Pt) e.g., palladium (Pd), gold (Au), and silver (Ag), show good catalytic activity in EtOR. 9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The suitability of Pt as an anode material and a cathode material for fuel cells, such as DEFCs, methanol fuel cells, and hydrogen fuel cells, is widely recognized. 9,[18][19][20] However, its efficacy tends to diminish over time due to the irreversible adsorption of the intermediate species, specifically carbon monoxide (CO), produced in the EtOR process, as previously reported.…”