In the last decade there has been a growing theoretical awareness of the social nature of writing. As theorists redefine writing as a social act (Bruffee, 1984;Faigley, 1986), those of us who teach business writing have become quite interested in collaborative writing and learning. To facilitate collaboration in the classroom and to more closely model how collaboration often occurs in organizational settings, professional writing instructors are using computer networks more frequently to allow members of collaborative writing groups to communicate.Computer-mediated communication in both organizational settings and the classroom is consistent with the growing recognition that writing is a social act (Eldred, 1989). In addition to making communication easier and more efficient, computer networks may alter group dynamics and shift power and authority structures characteristic of face-to-face communications (Batson, 1988; Bump, 1988;Hiltz, 1986). Computer network communication offers potentially richer collaborative experiences for its participants. Writers who have traditionally experienced anxiety about collaborative writing and writing in general, termed &dquo;high-apprehensive&dquo; writers (Daly & Miller, 1975a), may benefit greatly from the experience of writing and discussing writing on a computer network.In a case study that examined high apprehensives as members of groups that met both face-to-face and on a nonreal-time computer network, I found that high apprehensive writers contributed more to e-mail discussions than they did to face-to-face discussions, made more text-specific comments in e-mail discussions, and produced better papers after e-mail conversations than after face-to-face meetings.
RESEARCH ON WRITING APPREHENSION AND COMPUTER-SUPPORTED WRITING GROUPSSince Daly and Miller (1975a) first defined the term &dquo;writing apprehension,&dquo; it has become one of the most widely studied constructs in writing studies. Writing apprehension refers to a collection of behaviors and feelings that include avoiding situations where writing is perceived as required, finding writing to be unrewarding, a general fear of having one's writing evaluated, and an increased anxiety over having one's writing viewed in a &dquo;public&dquo; forum (Daly, 1977(Daly, , 1978(Daly, , 1984. Subsequent studies have examined the relationship between writing apprehension and other variables associated with both academic and writing performance. Research has related the level of writing apprehension to writing performance and quality of product (Daly, 1977;Daly & Miller, 1975b), perceived writing requirements and intensity of the writing environment