Termiticide Use and Indoor Air Quality in the United States

Savage, Eldon P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7092-5_3

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Counties (Table 2). Chlordane has been used in 24 million U.S. homes, usually as a termiticide, and it has been detected in the home environment as long as 35 years after use (19). Children of color residing in old, poorly maintained housing are especially likely to be exposed to persistent pesticides (20).…”

Section: Pesticides Types Ofpesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides and inner-city children: exposures, risks, and prevention.

Landrigan

Cláudio

Markowitz

et al. 1999

Environ Health Perspect

282

194

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Six million children live in poverty in America's inner cities. These children are at high risk of exposure to pesticides that are used extensively in urban schools, homes, and day-care centers for control of roaches, rats, and other vermin. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos and certain pyrethroids are the registered pesticides most heavily applied in cities. Illegal street pesticides are also in use, including tres pasitos (a carbamate), tiza china, and methyl parathion. In New York State in 1997, the heaviest use of pesticides in all counties statewide was in the urban boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Children are highly vulnerable to pesticides. Because of their play close to the ground, their hand-to-mouth behavior, and their unique dietary patterns, children absorb more pesticides from their environment than adults. The long persistence of semivolatile pesticides such as chlorpyrifos on rugs, furniture, stuffed toys, and other absorbent surfaces within closed apartments further enhances urban children's exposures. Compounding these risks of heavy exposures are children's decreased ability to detoxify and excrete pesticides and the rapid growth, development, and differentiation of their vital organ systems. These developmental immaturities create early windows of great vulnerability. Recent experimental data suggest, for example, that chlorpyrifos may be a developmental neurotoxicant and that exposure in utero may cause biochemical and functional aberrations in fetal neurons as well as deficits in the number of neurons. Certain pyrethroids exert hormonal activity that may alter early neurologic and reproductive development. Assays currently used for assessment of the toxicity of pesticides are insensitive and cannot accurately predict effects to children exposed in utero or in early postnatal life. Protection of American children, and particularly of inner-city children, against the developmental hazards of pesticides requires a comprehensive strategy that monitors patterns of pesticide use on a continuing basis, assesses children's actual exposures to pesticides, uses state-of-the-art developmental toxicity testing, and establishes societal targets for reduction of pesticide use.

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Section: Pesticides Types Ofpesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides and inner-city children: exposures, risks, and prevention.

Landrigan

Cláudio

Markowitz

et al. 1999

Environ Health Perspect

282

194

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“…Waimea (site I), a small town with a population of ∼10000 at an elevation of ∼800 m above sea level, and Hilo (sites A and B) also had above average γ-HCH levels. Higher concentrations of γ-HCH may be associated with historical use of lindane as a termiticide for wood preservation. , Relatively low α-/γ-HCH ratios between 0.2 to 2.4, which are much lower than the ratio of 4–7 in the technical HCH mixture, are also indicative of lindane use …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semivolatile Organic Contaminants in the Hawaiian Atmosphere

Zhang

Barnes

Lei

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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An air sampling campaign on the Island of Hawaii aimed to assess background concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) over the Central Northern Pacific and to explore their distribution along an altitudinal transect. XAD-resin-based passive air samplers were deployed from May to September 2011 at six sites along a transect from the northeastern coast to the Mauna Loa Observatory and at three other island sites. By crossing the trade wind inversion, the transect comprised the marine boundary layer and free troposphere. At the two ends of the transect, flow-through samplers simultaneously sampled air at monthly resolution. Elevated levels of dieldrin, chlordane- and DDT-related pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) at two urban sites indicated contributions from local sources. The composition of chlordane and DDT-related residues indicated recent emissions. PAHs concentrations that decline more rapidly with increasing elevation than those for PBDEs are consistent with faster atmospheric degradation of PAHs. SVOC levels on Mauna Loa were generally at the lower end of concentration ranges reported for remote sites, including the Arctic. However, in contrast to the Arctic, long-range atmospheric transport is deemed less important than human-induced material flow as the source of SVOCs to the island's atmosphere.

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“…Halogenated organic solvents are heavily used chemicals throughout the world and represent widespread industrial byproducts that contaminate the environment [1][2][3][4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The industrial solvent trichloroethylene induces LRRK2 kinase activity and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Castro

Rocha

Bodle

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Gene-environment interaction is implicated in the majority of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, and some of the most widespread environmental contaminants are selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons. Pesticides have long been connected to PD incidence, however, it has become increasingly apparent that other industrial byproducts likely influence neurodegeneration. For example, organic solvents, which are used in chemical, machining, and dry-cleaning industries, are of growing concern, as decades of solvent use and their effluence into the environment has contaminated much of the world's groundwater and soil. Like some pesticides, certain organic solvents, such as the chlorinated halocarbon trichloroethylene (TCE), are mitochondrial toxicants, which are collectively implicated in the pathogenesis of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Recently, we hypothesized a possible gene-environment interaction may occur between environmental mitochondrial toxicants and the protein kinase LRRK2, which is the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic PD. In addition, emerging data suggests that elevated wildtype LRRK2 kinase activity also contributes to the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. To this end, we investigated whether chronic, systemic TCE exposure (200 mg/kg) in aged rats produced wildtype LRRK2 activation and influenced predegenerative dopaminergic dysfunction. Interestingly, we found that TCE not only induced LRRK2 kinase activity in the brain, but produced a significant dopaminergic lesion in the nigrostriatal tract, elevated oxidative stress, and caused endolysosomal dysfunction and protein accumulation (α-synuclein). Together, these data suggest that TCE-induced LRRK2 kinase activity contributed to the selective toxicity of dopaminergic neurons. As TCE represents one of many environmental mitochondrial toxicants, a gene-environment interaction between these contaminants and LRRK2 may ultimately influence PD risk.

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Termiticide Use and Indoor Air Quality in the United States

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Pesticides and inner-city children: exposures, risks, and prevention.

Pesticides and inner-city children: exposures, risks, and prevention.

Semivolatile Organic Contaminants in the Hawaiian Atmosphere

The industrial solvent trichloroethylene induces LRRK2 kinase activity and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

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