Termite Mushrooms (Termitomyces), a Potential Source of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds Exhibiting Human Health Benefits: A Review

Paloi, Soumitra; Kumla, Jaturong; Paloi, Barsha Pratiher; Srinuanpan, Sirasit; Hoijang, Supawitch; Karunarathna, Samantha C.; Acharya, Krishnendu; Suwannarach, Nakarin; Lumyong, Saisamorn

doi:10.3390/jof9010112

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…Termite mushrooms ( Termitomyces ), a species from Africa and Asia, is used to increase hemoglobin levels (12.2 g/dL) and white blood cells (26,300 cells/mm 3 ) [ 238 ] and contributes widely to modern medical research because its mycelial biomass expresses strong antioxidant potential [ 239 ] ( Table 4 ).…”

Section: Nutritional Perspectives In Sickle Cell Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Sickle Cell Disease Update: New Treatments and Challenging Nutritional Interventions

Bell,

Varzakas,

Psaltopoulou

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Sickle cell disease (SCD), a distinctive and often overlooked illness in the 21st century, is a congenital blood disorder characterized by considerable phenotypic diversity. It comprises a group of disorders, with sickle cell anemia (SCA) being the most prevalent and serious genotype. Although there have been some systematic reviews of global data, worldwide statistics regarding SCD prevalence, morbidity, and mortality remain scarce. In developed countries with a lower number of sickle cell patients, cutting-edge technologies have led to the development of new treatments. However, in developing settings where sickle cell disease (SCD) is more prevalent, medical management, rather than a cure, still relies on the use of hydroxyurea, blood transfusions, and analgesics. This is a disease that affects red blood cells, consequently affecting most organs in diverse manners. We discuss its etiology and the advent of new technologies, but the aim of this study is to understand the various types of nutrition-related studies involving individuals suffering from SCD, particularly in Africa. The interplay of the environment, food, gut microbiota, along with their respective genomes collectively known as the gut microbiome, and host metabolism is responsible for mediating host metabolic phenotypes and modulating gut microbiota. In addition, it serves the purpose of providing essential nutrients. Moreover, it engages in direct interactions with host homeostasis and the immune system, as well as indirect interactions via metabolites. Nutrition interventions and nutritional care are mechanisms for addressing increased nutrient expenditures and are important aspects of supportive management for patients with SCD. Underprivileged areas in Sub-Saharan Africa should be accompanied by efforts to define and promote of the nutritional aspects of SCD. Their importance is key to maintaining well-being and quality of life, especially because new technologies and products remain limited, while the use of native medicinal plant resources is acknowledged.

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Section: Nutritional Perspectives In Sickle Cell Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Sickle Cell Disease Update: New Treatments and Challenging Nutritional Interventions

Bell,

Varzakas,

Psaltopoulou

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“… Scabronine A 1321N astrocytoma cells: Medium NGF levels; RT-PCR ↑ NFG synthesis [ 111 ] Scabronine B–F Rat astroglial cells: Medium NGF levels ↑ NFG synthesis [ 101 ] Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) R. Heim Termitomycesphins A–D PC-12 cells: Neurite growth ↑ Neurite growth [ 112 ] Termitomycesphin E–H PC12 cells Morphology monitoring—phase contrast microscopy ↑ Neurogenesis [ 113 ] Termitomyces titanicus Pegler & Piearce Termitomycamides B ( 23 ) and E ( 24 ) Neuro2a cells: Tunicamycin-induced stress test ↓ Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced death [ 114 ] Tremella fuciformis Berk. Fruiting body Aqueous PC12h cells: Morphology evaluation by imaging …”

Section: Mushrooms In Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Path between Mushrooms and Alzheimer’s Disease—A Literature Review

et al. 2023

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is well-known among neurodegenerative diseases for the decline of cognitive functions, making overall daily tasks difficult or impossible. The disease prevails as the most common form of dementia and remains without a well-defined etiology. Being considered a disease of multifactorial origin, current targeted treatments have only managed to reduce or control symptoms, and to date, only two drugs are close to being able to halt its progression. For decades, natural compounds produced by living organisms have been at the forefront of research for new therapies. Mushrooms, which are well-known for their nutritional and medicinal properties, have also been studied for their potential use in the treatment of AD. Natural products derived from mushrooms have shown to be beneficial in several AD-related mechanisms, including the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE 1); the prevention of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and neurotoxicity; and the prevention of Tau expression and aggregation, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Several studies in the literature relate mushrooms to neurodegenerative diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no publication that summarizes only AD data. In this context, this review aims to link the therapeutic potential of mushrooms to AD by compiling the anti-AD potential of different mushroom extracts or isolated compounds, targeting known AD-related mechanisms.

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“…Termitomyces umkowaani is a member of the phylum-basidiomycota, class: agaricomycetes, order: agaricales, and family: lyophyllaceae. Termitomyces species are obligate mutualistic edible mushrooms that coexist with fungus-growing termites [ 34 ]. Termitomyces ' geographic range matches that of termites, and it gives its hosts vitamins and digesting enzymes [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Termitomyces ' geographic range matches that of termites, and it gives its hosts vitamins and digesting enzymes [ 35 , 36 ]. Termitomyces ' bioactive substances may be able to treat diseases including Alzheimer's, hyperlipidemia, cancer, and gastroduodenal disorders [ 34 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Mushrooms: A Hidden Treasure of Novel Bioactive Compounds

Gebreyohannes,

Sbhatu

2023

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Secondary metabolites are hidden gems in mushrooms. Understanding these secondary metabolites’ biological and pharmacological effects can be aided by identifying them. The purpose of this work was to profile the mycochemical components of the extracts of Auricularia auricula judae, Microporus xanthopus, Termitomyces umkowaani, Trametes elegans, and Trametes versicolor to comprehend their biological and pharmacological capabilities. Mushroom samples were collected from Kenya’s Arabuko–Sokoke and Kakamega National Reserved Forests and identified using morphological and molecular techniques. Chloroform, 70% ethanol, and hot water solvents were used to extract the mycochemical components. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the chloroform, 70% ethanol, and hot water extracts of all the species examined. A total of 51 compounds were isolated from all extracts and classified as carboxylic acids, esters, phenols, fatty acids, alcohol, epoxides, aldehydes, fatty aldehydes, isoprenoid lipids, and steroids. Tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (18.90%), oleic acid (72.90%), phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, and methylcarbamate (26.56%) were all found in high concentrations in A. auricular judae, M. xanthopus, T. umkowaani, T. elegans, and T. versicolor, respectively. Fatty acids make up the majority of the compounds isolated from the T. elegans chloroform extract and the T. umkowaani 70% ethanol extract, respectively. Particularly, these fatty acids play crucial roles in the anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, and antibiofilm formation activities. These bioactive elements indicate that the extracts of five wild mushrooms may be reliable sources of secondary metabolites for therapeutic development. Therefore, additional research is required to comprehend the usefulness of these chemicals in many functional areas and to improve the present understanding of macrofungi.

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Termite Mushrooms (Termitomyces), a Potential Source of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds Exhibiting Human Health Benefits: A Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 172 publications

Sickle Cell Disease Update: New Treatments and Challenging Nutritional Interventions

Sickle Cell Disease Update: New Treatments and Challenging Nutritional Interventions

Tracing the Path between Mushrooms and Alzheimer’s Disease—A Literature Review

Wild Mushrooms: A Hidden Treasure of Novel Bioactive Compounds

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